细菌DNA复制的结构图,Protein Science

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DNA复制机制在所有生物中都是保守的。启动，协调和完成复制过程所需的蛋白质在模型生物（例如 大肠杆菌）中 得到了最佳表征。这些工具包括三磷酸核苷酸驱动的纳米机器，例如DNA解链解旋酶DnaB和将DNA钳装载到引物-模板连接处的钳装载程序复合体。DNA钳位是DNA聚合酶III核心（α，ε和θ的异源三聚体）的前导性所必需的，前导和落后链合成都需要。DnaB结合在两条链上合成RNA引物的DnaG引发酶。尽管在我们对它们的相互作用以及纳米机器中发生的结构转换（例如解旋酶，钳位加载子和复制酶核心）的功能理解方面存在差距，但对于大多数类型的DNA复制蛋白而言，都有代表性的结构。本文回顾了这些细菌DNA复制蛋白的结构生物学以及未来研究的前景。 DNA replication mechanisms are conserved across all organisms. The proteins required to initiate, coordinate, and complete the replication process are best characterized in model organisms such as Escherichia coli . These include nucleotide triphosphate‐driven nanomachines such as the DNA‐unwinding helicase DnaB and the clamp loader complex that loads DNA‐clamps onto primer–template junctions. DNA‐clamps are required for the processivity of the DNA polymerase III core, a heterotrimer of α, ε, and θ, required for leading‐ and lagging‐strand synthesis. DnaB binds the DnaG primase that synthesizes RNA primers on both strands. Representative structures are available for most classes of DNA replication proteins, although there are gaps in our understanding of their interactions and the structural transitions that occur in nanomachines such as the helicase, clamp loader, and replicase core as they function. Reviewed here is the structural biology of these bacterial DNA replication proteins and prospects for future research.