窦军生, 张钢. 组织二元性: 离新的组织研究范式还有多远?[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2018,48(6): 155-170
Dou Junsheng, Zhang Gang. Organizational Ambidexterity: How Far Is It from a New Organizational Research Paradigm?[J].
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY (HUMANTIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES)
, 2018,48(6): 155-170
DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2017.01.043
Permissions
浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版) 所有
本文将首先围绕上述问题, 对1976年以来在主流组织与管理研究领域核心学术期刊上公开发表的79篇文献
①
(我们首先根据Birkinshaw等学者关于组织二元性这一领域的综述对现有文献进行收集和整理(参见Birkinshaw J. & Gupta K., ″Clarifying the Distinctive Contribution of Ambidexterity to the Field of Organization Studies, ″
The Academy of Management Perspectives
, Vol.27, No.4(2013), pp.287-298; Raisch S. & Birkinshaw J., ″Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators, ″
Journal of Management
, Vol.34, No.3(2008), pp.375-409), 然后利用“ 二元性组织” “ 组织二元性” “ 探索” 和“ 利用” 等关键词对2013年以来组织与管理研究领域的TOP期刊所发表的所有文献进行了搜索和筛选, 最终确定文献数量为79篇。)进行系统梳理(图1基本展示了现有研究文献所涵盖的主要议题), 然后围绕构建组织二元性研究范式必须达成的基本共识及实现策略, 提出相应的思考和建议, 以期阶段性地缓解组织二元性研究可能面临的困惑, 推动基本共识的达成和新范式的形成。
Duncan
R
. ,″
The Ambidextrous Organization: Designing Dual Structures for Innovation
, ″ in Kilmann R. H. , Pondy L. R. & Slevin D. (eds. ),
The Management of Organization Design, New York: North Holland
,
1976
, pp.
167
-
188
.
[本文引用:4]
March
J. G.
, ″
Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
2
, No.
1
(
1991
), pp.
71
-
87
.
[本文引用:4]
Tushman
M. L.
&
O’Reilly
C. A.
, ″
Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change
, ″
California Management Review
, Vol.
38
, No.
4
(
1996
), pp.
8
-
30
.
[本文引用:6]
Raisch
S
. ,
Birkinshaw
J
. &
Probst
G
.
et al
. ,″
Organizational Ambidexterity: Balancing Exploitation and Exploration for Sustained Performance
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
20
, No.
20
(
2009
), pp.
685
-
695
.
[本文引用:1]
刘洋
、
魏江、应瑛
: 《
组织二元性: 管理研究的一种新范式
》, 《
浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
2011
年第
6
期, 第
13
-
142
页.
[
Liu
Yang
,
Wei
Jiang
&
Ying
Ying
, ″
Organizational Ambidexterity: A New Paradigm for Management Research
, ″
Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
, No.
6
(
2011
), pp.
132
-
142
. ]
[本文引用:1]
[美]托马斯·库恩
: 《
科学革命的结构
》, 金吾伦、胡新和译,
北京: 北京大学出版社,
2003
.
[
Kuhn
T. S.
,
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
, trans. by Jin Wulun & Hu Xinhe,
Beijing
:
Peking University Press
,
2003
. ]
[本文引用:1]
Cao
Q
. ,
Gedajlovic
E
. &
Zhang
H.
, ″
Unpacking Organizational Ambidexterity: Dimensions, Contingencies, and Synergistic Effects
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
20
, No.
20
(
2009
), pp.
781
-
796
.
[本文引用:4]
Chang
Y. Y.
,
Hughes
M.
&
Hotho
S.
, ″
Internal and External Antecedents of SMEs’ Innovation Ambidexterity Outcomes
, ″
Management Decision
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2011
), pp.
1658
-
1676
.
[本文引用:1]
He
Z. L.
&
Wong
P. K.
, ″
Exploration vs. Exploitation: An Empirical Test of the Ambidexterity Hypothesis
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
15
, No.
15
(
2004
), pp.
481
-
494
.
[本文引用:2]
Gupta
A. K.
,
Smith
K. G.
&
Shalley
C. E.
, ″
The Interplay between Exploration and Exploitation
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2006
), pp.
693
-
706
.
[本文引用:5]
Hoang
H
. &
Rothaermel
F. T.
, ″
Leveraging Internal and External Experience: Exploration, Exploitation, and R&D Project Performance
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
31
, No.
31
(
2010
), pp.
734
-
758
.
[本文引用:1]
Beckman
C. M.
, ″
The Influence of Founding Team Company Affiliations on Firm Behavior
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2006
), pp.
741
-
758
.
[本文引用:1]
Jansen
J. J.
,
van
den Bosch F. A.
&
Volberda
H. W.
, ″
Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators
, ″
Management Science
, Vol.
52
, No.
52
(
2006
), pp.
1661
-
1674
.
[本文引用:2]
Lavie
D
. &
Rosenkopf
L.
, ″
Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Alliance Formation
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2006
), pp.
797
-
818
.
[本文引用:1]
O’Reilly
C. A.
&
Tushman
M. L.
, ″
Ambidexterity as a Dynamic Capability: Resolving the Innovator’s Dilemma
, ″
Research in Organizational Behavior
, Vol.
28
(
2008
), pp.
185
-
206
.
[本文引用:6]
Patel
P. C
. ,
Messersmith
J. G.
&
Lepak
D. P.
, ″
Walking the Tightrope: An Assessment of the Relationship between High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Ambidexterity
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
56
, No.
56
(
2013
), pp.
1420
-
1442
.
[本文引用:1]
Cao
Q
. ,
Simsek
Z
. &
Zhang
H.
, ″
Modelling the Joint Impact of the CEO and the TMT on Organizational Ambidexterity
, ″
Journal of Management Studies
, Vol.
47
, No.
47
(
2010
), pp.
1272
-
1296
.
[本文引用:2]
Lubatkin
M. H.
,
Simsek
Z
. &
Ling
Y
.
et al
. ,″
Ambidexterity and Performance in Small- to Medium-sized Firms: The Pivotal Role of Top Management Team Behavioral Integration
, ″
Journal of Management
, Vol.
32
, No.
32
(
2006
), pp.
646
-
672
.
[本文引用:5]
Gibson
C. B.
&
Birkinshaw
J.
, ″
The Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
47
, No.
47
(
2004
), pp.
209
-
226
.
[本文引用:6]
Mihalache
O. R.
,
Jansen
J. J.
&
van
den Bosch F. A.
et al
. ,″
Top Management Team Shared Leadership and Organizational Ambidexterity: A Moderated Mediation Framework
, ″
Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal
, Vol.
8
, No.
8
(
2014
), pp.
128
-
148
.
[本文引用:2]
Mom
T. J.
,
Fourné
S. P.
&
Jansen
J. J.
, ″
Managers’ Work Experience, Ambidexterity, and Performance: The Contingency Role of the Work Context
, ″
Human Resource Management
, Vol.
54
, No.
54
(
2014
), pp.
S133
-
S153
.
[本文引用:4]
Jansen
J. J.
,
Tempelaar
M. P.
&
van
den Bosch F. A.
et al
. ,″
Structural Differentiation and Ambidexterity: The Mediating Role of Integration Mechanisms
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
20
, No.
20
(
2009
), pp.
797
-
811
.
[本文引用:3]
Birkinshaw
J
. &
Gupta
K.
, ″
Clarifying the Distinctive Contribution of Ambidexterity to the Field of Organization Studies
, ″
The Academy of Management Perspectives
, Vol.
27
, No.
27
(
2013
), pp.
287
-
298
.
[本文引用:1]
Pfeffer
J
. &
Sutton
R. I.
, ″
Evidence-based Management
, ″
Harvard Business Review
, Vol.
84
, No.
84
(
2006
), pp.
62
-
74
.
[本文引用:1]
Rousseau
D. M.
, ″
Is There Such a Thing as 'Evidence-based Management'
, ″
Academy of Management Review
, Vol.
31
, No.
31
(
2006
), pp.
256
-
269
.
[本文引用:1]
Duncan
R. B.
, ″
Multiple Decision-making Structures in Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty: The Impact on Organizational Effectiveness
, ″
Human Relations
, Vol.
26
, No.
26
(
1973
), pp.
273
-
291
.
[本文引用:2]
McDonough
E. F.
&
Leifer
R.
, ″
Using Simultaneous Structures to Cope with Uncertainty
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
26
, No.
26
(
1983
), pp.
727
-
735
.
[本文引用:2]
Hill
S. A.
&
Birkinshaw
J.
, ″
Ambidexterity in Corporate Venturing: Simultaneously Using Existing and Building New Capabilities
, ″
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/proceedings/22898139/ambidexterity-corporate-venturing-simultaneously-using-existing-building-new-capabilitie
, 2017-01-04.
[本文引用:2]
王业静
、
曾德明
: 《
组织二元性对高科技新创企业绩效的影响研究
》, 《
管理学报》
2013
年第
8
期, 第
1170
-
1178
页.
[
Wang
Yejing
&
Zeng
Deming
, ″
The Effect of Organizational Ambidexterity on High-tech New Venture Performance
, ″
Chinese Journal of Management
, No.
8
(
2013
), pp.
1170
-
1178
. ]
[本文引用:1]
Atuahene-Gima
K
. ,″
Resolving the Capability — Rigidity Paradox in New Product Innovation
, ″
Journal of Marketing
, Vol.
69
, No.
4
(
2005
), pp.
61
-
83
.
[本文引用:2]
Uotila
J
. ,
Maula
M
. &
Keil
T
.
et al
. ,″
Exploration, Exploitation, and Financial Performance: Analysis of S&P 500 Corporations
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
30
, No.
2
(
2009
), pp.
221
-
231
.
[本文引用:1]
Caspin-Wagner
K
. ,
Ellis
S.
&
Tishler
A.
, ″
Balancing Exploration and Exploitation for Firm’s Superior Performance: The Role of the Environment
, ″
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280308124_Balancing_exploration_and_exploitation_for_firm%27s_superior_performance_The_role_of_the_environment
, 2017-01-04.
[本文引用:1]
Lin
Z
. ,
Yang
H
. &
Demirkan
I
. ,″
The Performance Consequences of Ambidexterity in Strategic Alliance Formations: Empirical Investigation and Computational Theorizing
, ″
Management Science
, Vol. 53, No.
10
(
2007
), pp.
1645
-
1658
.
[本文引用:1]
Im
G
. &
Rai
A.
, ″
Knowledge Sharing Ambidexterity in Long-term Interorganizational Relationships
, ″
Management Science
, Vol.
54
, No.
54
(
2008
), pp.
1281
-
1296
.
[本文引用:2]
Menguc
B
. &
Auh
S.
, ″
The Asymmetric Moderating Role of Market Orientation on the Ambidexterity-firm Performance Relationship for Prospectors and Defenders
, ″
Industrial Marketing Management
, Vol.
37
, No.
37
(
2008
), pp.
455
-
470
.
[本文引用:1]
Jansen
J. J.
,
Simsek
Z.
&
Cao
Q.
, ″
Ambidexterity and Performance in Multiunit Contexts: Cross-level Moderating Effects of Structural and Resource Attributes
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
33
, No.
33
(
2012
), pp.
1286
-
1303
.
[本文引用:2]
Junni
P
. ,
Sarala
R. M.
&
Taras
V
.
et al.
, ″
Organizational Ambidexterity and Performance: A Meta-Analysis
, ″
The Academy of Management Perspectives
, Vol.
27
, No.
27
(
2013
), pp.
299
-
312
.
[本文引用:1]
Boumgarden
P
. ,
Nickerson
J
. &
Zenger
T. R.
, ″
Sailing into the Wind: Exploring the Relationships among Ambidexterity, Vacillation, and Organizational Performance
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
33
, No.
33
(
2012
), pp.
587
-
610
.
[本文引用:2]
Bonesso
S
. ,
Gerli
F
. &
Scapolan
A.
, ″
The Individual Side of Ambidexterity: Do Individuals’ Perceptions Match Actual Behaviors in Reconciling the Exploration and Exploitation Trade-off
, ″
European Management Journal
, Vol.
32
, No.
32
(
2014
), pp.
392
-
405
.
[本文引用:1]
Lavie
D
. ,
Stettner
U
. &
Tushman
M. L.
, ″
Exploration and Exploitation within and across Organizations
, ″
The Academy of Management Annals
, Vol.
4
, No.
4
(
2010
), pp.
109
-
155
.
[本文引用:1]
Birkinshaw
J
. &
Gibson
C.
, ″
Building Ambidexterity into an Organization
, ″
MIT Sloan Management Review
, Vol.
45
, No.
45
(
2004
), pp.
47
-
55
.
[本文引用:1]
O’Reilly
C. A.
&
Tushman
M. L.
, ″
The Ambidextrous Organization
, ″
Harvard Business Review
, Vol.
82
, No.
82
(
2004
), pp.
74
-
83
.
[本文引用:2]
Lawrence
P. R.
&
Lorsch
J. W.
, ″
Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations
, ″
Administrative Science Quarterly
, Vol.
12
, No.
12
(
1967
), pp.
1
-
47
.
[本文引用:1]
Burgelman
R. A.
, ″
Strategy as Vector and the Inertia of Coevolutionary Lock-in
, ″
Administrative Science Quarterly
, Vol.
47
, No.
47
(
2002
), pp.
325
-
357
.
[本文引用:1]
Laplume
A. O.
&
Dass
P.
, ″
Exploration and Exploitation for Various Stages of Firm Growth through Diversification
, ″
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316789238_Exploration_and_exploitation_for_various_stages_of_firm_growth_through_diversification
, 2017-01-04.
[本文引用:2]
Siggelkow
N
. &
Levinthal
D. A.
, ″
Temporarily Divide to Conquer: Centralized, Decentralized, and Reintegrated Organizational Approaches to Exploration and Adaptation
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
14
, No.
14
(
2003
), pp.
650
-
669
.
[本文引用:1]
Puranam
P
. ,
Singh
H
. &
Zollo
M.
, ″
Organizing for Innovation: Managing the Coordination-Autonomy Dilemma in Technology Acquisitions
, ″
Academy of Management Journal
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2006
), pp.
263
-
280
.
[本文引用:1]
Forrester
J
.
W.
, ″
Industrial Dynamics—After the First Decade
, ″
Management Science
, Vol.
14
, No.
14
(
1968
), pp.
398
-
415
.
[本文引用:1]
Güttel
W. H.
&
Konlechner
S. W.
, ″
Continuously Hanging by a Thread: Managing Contextually Ambidextrous Organizations
, ″
Schmalenbach Business Review
, Vol.
61
, No.
61
(
2009
), pp.
150
-
171
.
[本文引用:1]
Farjoun
M
. ,″
Beyond Dualism: Stability and Change as Duality
, ″
Academy of Management Review
, Vol.
35
, No.
2
(
2010
), pp.
202
-
225
.
[本文引用:1]
Papachroni
A
. ,
Heracleous
L
. &
Paroutis
S.
, ″
Organizational Ambidexterity through the Lens of Paradox Theory: Building a Novel Research Agenda
, ″
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
, Vol.
51
, No.
51
(
2015
), pp.
71
-
93
.
[本文引用:1]
Smith
W. K.
&
Lewis
M. W.
, ″
Toward a Theory of Paradox: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Organizing
, ″
Academy of Management Review
, Vol.
36
, No.
36
(
2011
), pp.
381
-
403
.
[本文引用:1]
Raisch
S
. &
Birkinshaw
J.
, ″
Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators
, ″
Journal of Management
, Vol.
34
, No.
34
(
2008
), pp.
375
-
409
.
[本文引用:1]
Smith
W. K.
&
Tushman
M. L.
, ″
Managing Strategic Contradictions: A Top Management Model for Managing Innovation Streams
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
16
, No.
16
(
2005
), pp.
522
-
536
.
[本文引用:1]
Levinthal
D. A.
&
March
J. G.
, ″
The Myopia of Learning
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
14
, No.
14
(
1993
), pp.
95
-
112
.
[本文引用:2]
Hannan
M. T.
&
Freeman
J.
, ″
Structural Inertia and Organizational Change
, ″
American Sociological Review
, Vol.
49
, No.
2
(
1984
), pp.
149
-
64
.
[本文引用:1]
Sørensen
J. B.
&
Stuart
T. E.
, ″
Aging, Obsolescence, and Organizational Innovation
, ″
Administrative Science Quarterly
, Vol.
45
, No.
45
(
2000
), pp.
81
-
112
.
[本文引用:1]
Lant
T. K.
&
Mezias
S. J.
, ″
An Organizational Learning Model of Convergence and Reorientation
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
3
, No.
3
(
1992
), pp.
47
-
71
.
[本文引用:1]
Grant
R. M.
, ″
Toward a Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm
, ″
Strategic Management Journal
, Vol.
17
, No.
17
(
1996
), pp.
109
-
122
.
[本文引用:1]
Hanssen-Bauer
J
. &
Snow
C. C.
, ″
Responding to Hypercompetition: The Structure and Processes of a Regional Learning Network Organization
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
7
, No.
7
(
1996
), pp.
413
-
427
.
[本文引用:1]
Mom
T. J.
,
van
den Bosch F. A.
&
Volberda
H. W.
, ″
Understand ing Variation in Managers’ Ambidexterity: Investigating Direct and Interaction Effects of Formal Structural and Personal Coordination Mechanisms
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
20
, No.
20
(
2009
), pp.
812
-
828
.
[本文引用:2]
Rothaermel
F. T.
&
Alexand re
M. T.
, ″
Ambidexterity in Technology Sourcing: The Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
20
, No.
20
(
2009
), pp.
759
-
780
.
[本文引用:1]
Gedajlovic
E
. ,
Cao
Q
. &
Zhang
H.
, ″
Corporate Shareholdings and Organizational Ambidexterity in High-tech SMEs: Evidence from a Transitional Economy
, ″
Journal of Business Venturing
, Vol.
27
, No.
27
(
2012
), pp.
652
-
665
.
[本文引用:1]
Jansen
J. J.
,
George
G.
&
van
den Bosch F. A.
et al
. ,″
Senior Team Attributes and Organizational Ambidexterity: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership
, ″
Journal of Management Studies
, Vol.
45
, No.
45
(
2008
), pp.
982
-
1007
.
[本文引用:1]
Rosing
K
. ,
Frese
M
. &
Bausch
A.
, ″
Explaining the Heterogeneity of the Leadership-Innovation Relationship: Ambidextrous Leadership
, ″
The Leadership Quarterly
, Vol.
22
, No.
22
(
2011
), pp.
956
-
974
.
[本文引用:1]
Laureiro-Martínez
D
. ,
Brusoni
S
. &
Zollo
M.
, ″
The Neuroscientific Foundations of the Exploration Exploitation Dilemma
, ″
Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics
, Vol.
3
, No.
3
(
2010
), pp.
95
-
115
.
[本文引用:3]
Barney
J
. &
Felin
T.
, ″
What Are Microfoundations
, ″
The Academy of Management Perspectives
, Vol.
27
, No.
27
(
2013
), pp.
138
-
155
.
[本文引用:2]
Chand y
R. K.
&
Tellis
G. J.
, ″
Organizing for Radical Product Innovation: The Overlooked Role of Willingness to Cannibalize
, ″
Journal of Marketing Research
, Vol.
35
, No.
35
(
1998
), pp.
474
-
487
.
[本文引用:1]
Felin
T
. ,
Foss
N
. &
Heimeriks
K.
et al.
, ″
Microfoundations of Routines and Capabilities: Individuals, Processes, and Structure
, ″
Journal of Management Studies
, Vol.
49
, No.
49
(
2012
), pp.
1351
-
1374
.
[本文引用:1]
Harper
D. A.
&
Lewis
D. A.
, ″
New Perspectives on Emergence in Economics
, ″
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
, Vol.
82
, No.
2-3
(
2012
), pp.
329
-
337
.
[本文引用:1]
Raub
W
. ,
Buskens
V
. &
van
Assen M
. ,″
Micro-macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology
, ″
Journal of Mathematical Sociology
, Vol.
35
, No.
1-3
(
2011
), pp.
1
-
25
.
[本文引用:1]
Stinchcombe
A. L.
,
Information and Organizations,
Oakland
:
University of California Press
,
1990
.
[本文引用:1]
Adler
P. S.
,
Goldoftas
B
. &
Levine
D. I.
, ″
Flexibility Versus Efficiency? A Case Study of Model Changeovers in the Toyota Production System
, ″
Organization Science
, Vol.
10
, No.
10
(
1999
), pp.
43
-
68
.
[本文引用:1]
Devellis
R. F.
,
Scale Development: Theory and Applications
,
London: Sage Publications
,
2003
.
[本文引用:1]
Organizational ambidexterity has become a new paradigm for management research nowadays. However, extant literature indicates that organizational ambidexterity is still undertheorized and underconceptualized, and therefore, there is no agreement about its connotation and extension. By reviewing the relevant literature of organizational learning, technological innovation, organizational architecture and organizational adaption, we try to clearly define the connotation and extension of organizational ambidexterity. Based on the definition, we then build a multi-level framework of individuals, teams, organizations and inter-organizations for organizational ambidexterity, which contributes to the construction of Chinese management theories.
Based on the data of companies listed on the stock exchange of Shenzhen small and mediumsized plate from 2004 until 2009, this paper examines the relationship between organizational ambidexterity, TMT heterogeneity and firm performance. The results show that: both dimensions of organizational ambidexterity are positively related to new venture performance; TMT heterogeneity moderates the relationship between balance dimension and firm performance; and the moderating effect on the relationship between combination dimension and firm performance is not significant.