Urbanization is a result of a rise in global businesses and the space for man’s recreational activities has been greatly compressed. This has resulted in the widespread global trend of nightclubs and bars. In recent years, themed nightclubs and bars provide a variety of consumer choices and experiences according to different market needs, and nightclubs and bars are becoming increasingly diverse.
This study uses the theory of planned behavior as a structural foundation and explores the causal relationship between the experiences and behavioral intentions of consumers in nightclubs and bars according to their ideas and behavior. The study also uses SPSS and AMOS software for related statistical analysis to clarify consumer’s consumption intentions and influencing factors towards nightclubs and bars.
The analysis results of this study discovered that consumer personal preferences, influence of others, and service mastery have positive influence on consumption intentions, especially the influence of personal preferences; the influence of others is secondary, and service mastery last. In other words, consumers that go to nightclubs for consumption are mostly dictated by their views and attitudes toward the nightclub. The consumers will decide if they go to the nightclubs to consume based on their likes and dislikes, and the consumer’s friends and family, and the media reports are the secondary reason they go to the nightclubs.
Therefore, we know that consumers use their five senses to experience the nightclub’s atmosphere and build their impression toward it. This study believes that businesses should strengthen the cuisine, wine, music, lighting, spatial planning, image design, entertainment effects, and atmosphere of nightclubs; if any of these factors have problems or there is bad customer service, it will influence the consumer’s intention for repeat consumption. Operating with different themes, media exposure, and a spokesperson will all change consumers’ images toward a nightclub and increase their willingness for consumption.
書報雜誌
Ajzen, I., and Fishbein, M, Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980.
Ajzen, I., From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior. In J. Kuhl, and J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action-Control: from Cognition to Behavior (pp.11-39). Berlin and New York, 1985.
Alderson, W., Marketing Behavior and Executive Action, Home Wood, IL: Lrwin, 1957.
Andriote, J. (2001),郭向明譯。勁歌:迪斯科簡史。北京:三聯。
Appadurai, A., Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
Barthes, R. The Fashion System, University of California Press, 1990.
Baudrillard, J. (1968),林志明譯。物體系。台北:時報。
Baudrillard, J. (1968),劉成富、全志鋼譯。消費社會。南京:南京大學。
Baudrillard, J., The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 1998.
Baudrillard, J., The System of Objects. London: Verso, 1968.
Bennett, A. (2001),孫憶南譯。流行音樂的文化。台北:書林。
Bocock, R. (1993),張君玫、黃鵬仁譯。消費。台北:巨流。
Burgess, S. M., Personal Values and Consumer Research: An Historical Perspective. In J. N. Sheth (Ed.), Research in Marketing (pp. 35-80). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1992.
Denzin, N. K., On understanding emotion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1984.
Drucker, P.F., Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices. New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., and Miniard, P. W., Consumer behavior (9th ed.), New York: The Dryden Press, 2001.
Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D., and Miniard, P.W., Consumer behavior(8th ed.), Philadelphia: The Dryden Press, 1995.
Engel, J.F., Kollat, D.T., and Blackwell, R.D., Consumer Behavior(6th ed.), Chicago, M.I.: The Dryden Press, 1990.
Frazelle, E.(2003),林怡萱譯。供應鏈高績效管理。台北:麥格羅希爾。
Gay, L.R., Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application, New York: Macmillan, 1992.
Gorsuch, R. L., Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983.
Haine, W. S., The world of Paris cafe, sociability among the French working class, London: John Hopkins University Press., 1996.
Holbrook M. B., The Nature of Customer Value: An Axiology of Service in the Consumption Experience. In Roland, T., Rust, and Richard, L.O. (Eds.), Service Quality: New Direction in Theory and Practice (pp.21-71). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications, 1994.
Howard, J. A., Consumer behavior: Application of theory, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
Johnston, R.J., The Dictionary of Human Geography, Oxford: Blackwell,1995.
Kotler, P., Marketing management: Analysis planning, implementation and control (9th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Mayo, E. J., and Jarvis, L. P., The psychology of leisure travel: Effective markting and selling of travel service, Boston: CBI Publishing, 1981.
McCracken, G., The Value of the Brand: An Anthropological Perspective. In Aaker, D.A., and Biel, A.L. (Eds.), Brand Equity and Advertising, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (pp.125-42). NJ: Hillsdale, 1993.
Mentzer, J. T., Dewitt, W., Keebler, J.S., Min, S., Nix, N.W., Smith, C.D. and Zacharia, Z.G.., What is supply chain management? In Mentzer, J.T. (Ed.), Supply Chain Management (pp. 5-62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications,2001.
Note, K., Public house, London: London Key Note Publications Ltd, 1991.
Nunnally, J.C., Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.), New York : McGraw-Hill,1978.
Pine, B. J. II., and Gilmore, H. J., 夏業良、魯煒譯。體驗經濟時代。台北:經濟新潮社,1998
Popenoe, D., The metropolitan community and privatization of life. NewBrunswick, New Jersey: Trasaction pub, 1985.
Rogers, C.R., Freedom to Learns, Columbus, OH: Merrill,1969.
Rokeach, M., The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press, 1973.
Schiffman, L.G. and Kanuk, L.L., Consumer Behavior(4th ed.), NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc,1991.
Schiffman, L.G., and Kanuk, L.L., Consumer behavior(7th ed.), New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 2000.
Schmitt, B. H., Experiential Marketing:How to Get Customers to Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate to Your Company and Brand. New York, NY:The Free Press, 1999.
Shapiro, H., 李佳純譯。等待藥頭:流行音樂與藥物的歷史。台北:商周,1999.
Straw, W., 蔡佩君、張志宇譯。劍橋大學搖滾與流行樂讀本。台北:商周,2001.
Thomas, J., What make people travel? Asia Travel News, 1964.
Thornton, S., Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital, Cambridge: Polity, 1995.
Woodruff, R.B., and Gardial, S.F., Know Your Customer: New Approaches to Customer Value and Satisfaction, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers,1996.
王建剛,狂歡詩學,上海:學林,2001。
王靈安,一瓶都別留,台北:平安,1999。
吳克祥、范建強,PUB 經營與管理,台北:百通圖書,1998。
季桂保,布希亞,台北:生智文化,2002。
岡本慶一,黃恆正譯。符號社會的消費。台北:遠流,1991。
林建煌,消費者行為,台北:智勝文化,2002。
星野克美,黃恆正譯。符號社會的消費:商品圖騰化、都市劇場化、消費符號化。台北:遠流,1988。
夏鑄九、王志弘,空間的文化形式與社會理論讀本,台北︰明文書局,1993。
孫秀蕙、馮建三,廣告文化,台北:揚智,1995。
殷寶寧,情慾、國族、後殖民:誰的中山北路?,台北:左岸文化,2006。
馬虹,打造一流酒吧,深圳:海天出版社,2004。
庹宗康、張雅雅,鴉片與牛奶─pub 的迷幻與真實,台北:春光,2001。
張人傑,台灣社會生活史—休閒遊憩、日常生活與現代性,台北:稻鄉,2006。
張春興,教育心理學。台北:東華書局,1994。
莊富雄,酒吧經營管理實務,台北:桂魯,2000。
郭伯壎,消費心理學,台北:大洋,1992。
陳坤宏,消費文化理論,台北:揚智,2005。
黃俊英,行銷學的世界,台北:天下文化,2002。
詹宏志,城市人-城市空間的感覺、符號和解釋,台北:麥田文化,1996。
詹偉雄,美學的經濟:臺灣社會變遷的六十個微型觀察,台北:藍鯨,2005。
劉立雯,夜店-Lounge Bar.Pub.Club,台北:朱雀文化,2003。
劉維公,風格社會,台北:天下,2006。
劉維公,風格競爭力,台北市:天下雜誌,2007。
蔡瑞宇,顧客行為學,台北:天一圖書,1996。
會議期刊
Babin, B.J., Darden, W.R., and Griffin, M., “Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shipping Value,” Journal of Consumer Research, vol.20, no.4, 1994, pp.644-656.
Bagozzi, R.P., “A field investigation of causal relations among cognitions, affect, intentions, and behavior,” Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 19, no. 4, 1982, pp. 562-583.
Beatty, S.E., Kahle, L.R., Utsey, M., and Keown, C., “Gift giving Behaviors in the United States and Japan: A Personal Values Perspective,” Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol, 6, no.1, 1993, pp.49-66.
Belk, R.W., “An Exploratory Assessment of Situational Effect in Buyer Behavior,” Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 11, no. 2, 1974, pp.156-163.
Butz, H. E. Jr. and Goodstein, L. D., “Measuring customer value:Gaining the strategic advantage”. Organizational Dynamics, vol.24, no.1, 1996, pp. 63-77
Churchill, G.A., “A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs,” Journal of Marketing Research, vol.16,no.1,1979,pp. 64-73.
Cromption, J.L., and Mckay, S.L., “Motives of visitors Attending Festival Events. Annals of Tourism Research,” vol. 24, no. 2, 1997, pp. 425-439.
Durgee, J.F., O''Connor, G.C., and Veryzer, R.W., “Observation: Translating Values into Product Wants,” Journal of Advertising Research ,vol.11,1996, pp.90-99.
Gutman, J., “Exploring the nature of linkages between consequences and values. Journal of Business Research, vol. 22, no. 2, 1991,pp. 143-148.
Holbrook, M.B., “Customer value and auto ethnography: Subjective personal introspection and the meaning of a photograph collection,” Journal of Business Research, no. 58, 2005, pp, 45-61.
Holbrook, M.B., and Hirschman, E.C., ”The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun,” Journal of Consumer Research, vol.9, no.2, 1982, pp. 132-140.
Kahle, L.R., and Kennedy, P., ”Using the list of values to understand consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 6, no.3, 1989, pp. 49-56.
Keng, K.A., and Yang, C., “Personal Values, Demographics and Consumption Behavior: A Study of Taiwanese Consumers,” Journal of International Consumer Marketing, vol. 6, no.1, 1993, pp.27-48.
Lai, A.W., “Consumer Values, Product Benefits and Customer Value: A Consumption Behavior,” Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 22, 1995, pp. 381-388
Lee, H.Y., Ahn, H., and Han, I., “VCR: Virtual community recommender using the technology acceptance model and the user''s needs type,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 33, no.4, 2007, pp. 984-995.
Levitt, T., “Marketing myopia,” Harvard Business Review, vol.38, no. 4, 1960, pp. 45-56.
Madden, T.J., Ellen, P.S., and Ajzen, I.,”A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action,” Personality and social psychology Bulletin, vol.18, no 1, 1992, pp. 3-9.
Mahatoo, W.H., “Motives Must Be Differentiated from Needs, Drives, Wants: Strategy Implications,” European Journal of Marketing, vol. 23, no.3, 1989, pp.29-36.
Mano, H., and Oliver, R.L., “Assessing the Dimensionality and Structure of Consumption Experience: Evaluation, Feeling, and Satisfaction,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.20, ,1993, pp.451-466
Merchant, K. A., “Budgeting and the Propensity to Create Budgetary Slack Accounting,” Organizations and Society, vol. 20, no 2, 1985, pp. 201-210.
Porter, C. E., and Donthu, N., “Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Explain How Attitudes Determine Internet Usage: The Role of Perceived Access Barriers and Demographics,” Journal of Business Research, vol.59,no.9,2006,pp. 999-1007
Sack, R. D., “The consumer''s world: Places as Context,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol.78, no.4, 1988, pp. 642-664.
Schmidt, R., and Sapsford, R., “Issues of gender and services cape: Marketing public houses to women,” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol.23, no.3, 1995, pp. 34-40.
Schwartz, Shalom H., and Bilsky, W., “Toward a Universal Psychological Structure of Human Values,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 53, no.3, 1987, pp.550-562.
Sheppard, B.H., Hartwick, J., and Warshaw, P.R., “The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research,” Journal of Consumer Research, vol.15, no.3, 1988, pp.325-343.
Sheth, J.N., Newman, B.I., and Gross, B.L., “Why We Buy: A Theory of Consumption Values,” Journal of Business Research, vol.22, no.2, 1991, pp.159-170.
Tauber, E.M., ”Why do people shop?,” Journal of Marketing, vol.36, no.4, 1972, pp. 46-49.
Taylor, S., and Todd, P., “Assessing IT usage: the role of prior experience,” MIS Quarterly, vol.19, no.4, 1995, pp. 561-570.
Van der Heijden, H. “Factors Influencing the Usage of Websites: The Case of a Generic Portal in the Netherlands,” Information and Management, vol.40,no. 6, 2003, pp.541-549
Vinson, D.E., Scott, J.E., and Lamont, L.M., “The Role of Personal Values in Marketing and Consumer Behavior,” Journal of Marketing, vol. 41, no.2, 1977, pp.44-50
Wharton, Z., and Harmatz, H.R., “Responses to the Economy Among Two Value Orientation Segments,” Journal of Economic Psychology, vol.16, no.2, 1995, pp.205-222.
Williams, C.E., “The British pub-An industry in transition,” Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 6, 1997, pp. 63.
Yu, J., Ha, I., Choi, M., and Rho, J., ”Extending the TAM for a t-commerce. Information and Management, vol.42, no 7, 2005, pp. 965-976
Zeithaml, V.A., “Consumer Perception of Price, Quality and Value: A Means-end Model and Synthesis of Evidence,” Journal of Marketing, vol.52, no.3, 1988, pp.2-22.
王鴻泰,「從消費的空間到空間的消費-明清城市中的酒樓與茶館」,新史學,第11卷,第3期,2000,第1-47頁。
林淑真、林小涵,「進出口型航空貨運物流績效指標之研究」,第二屆管理與決策學術研討會,嘉義,2007。
張淑玫,「休閒的政治─KTV的快感與權力關係」,台灣社會學季刊,第16期,1994,第119-145頁。
許孟祥、林東清,「倫理決策與電腦使用之意向模式」,第二屆中央研究院資訊科技與社會轉型研討會,台北,1997,第1-25頁。
蘇美彥,「遇見布希亞:誠品書店、符號的消費與符號的空間─以誠品敦南店為例」,地理教育,第26期,2000,第79-94頁。