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.MuiTreeItem-group .MuiTreeItem-content{padding-left:16px;}</style><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><style data-emotion="css khel7y">.css-khel7y{padding:0 8px;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-khel7y.Mui-disabled{opacity:0.38;background-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.12);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.2);}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{margin-right:4px;width:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer svg{font-size:18px;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-label{width:100%;min-width:0;padding-left:4px;position:relative;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css znl8a3">.css-znl8a3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-znl8a3"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 1hwyipb">.css-1hwyipb{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">文档中心</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">关于 TiDB</div></div><style data-emotion="css xjq79n">.css-xjq79n{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:none;-moz-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1jozaee">.css-1jozaee{margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速上手</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">应用开发</div></div><style data-emotion="css 171pefp">.css-171pefp{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1xxsnna">.css-1xxsnna{height:auto;overflow:visible;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-overview"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css kb2j4b">.css-kb2j4b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">概览</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速开始</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">示例程序</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">连接到 TiDB</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据库模式设计</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据写入</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-insert-data"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css snygwd">.css-snygwd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">插入数据</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-update-data"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">更新数据</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><a aria-current="page" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" class="" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-delete-data"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">删除数据</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/time-to-live"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">使用 TTL (Time to Live) 定期删除过期数据</div></div></div></div></div></li></a><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-prepared-statement"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">预处理语句</div></div></div></div></div></li></a></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据读取</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">事务</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">优化 SQL 性能</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">引用文档</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">云原生开发环境</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">第三方工具支持</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li></div></div></ul></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">部署标准集群</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据迁移</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据集成</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">运维操作</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">监控与告警</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">性能调优</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">教程</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiDB 工具</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">参考指南</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-14" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">常见问题解答 (FAQ)</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-15" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">版本发布历史</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/glossary"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-16" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">术语表</div></div></div></div></div></li></a></ul></div></aside><style data-emotion="css sb2sd0">.css-sb2sd0{width:100%;}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-sb2sd0{max-width:calc(100% - 18.75rem);}}</style><main class="MuiBox-root css-sb2sd0"><style data-emotion="css 1rnnmjb">.css-1rnnmjb{max-width:1340px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1rnnmjb"><style data-emotion="css 90fn5w">.css-90fn5w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-90fn5w"><style data-emotion="css vofosd">.css-vofosd{padding:1.5rem 0;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="删除数据" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" aria-label="删除数据 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>删除数据</h1><p>此页面将使用 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/sql-statement-delete">DELETE</a> SQL 语句，对 TiDB 中的数据进行删除。如果需要周期性地删除过期数据，可以考虑使用 TiDB 的 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/time-to-live">TTL 功能</a>。</p><h2 id="在开始之前" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%9C%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D" aria-label="在开始之前 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>在开始之前</h2><p>在阅读本页面之前，你需要准备以下事项：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-build-cluster-in-cloud">使用 TiDB Serverless 构建 TiDB 集群</a>。</li><li>阅读<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-schema-design-overview">数据库模式概览</a>，并<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-create-database">创建数据库</a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-create-table">创建表</a>、<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-create-secondary-indexes">创建二级索引</a>。</li><li>需先<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-insert-data">插入数据</a>才可删除。</li></ul><h2 id="sql-语法" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" aria-label="sql 语法 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL 语法</h2><p>在 SQL 中，<code>DELETE</code> 语句一般为以下形式：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><style data-emotion="css 1qhimia">.css-1qhimia{margin-right:3rem;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> {<span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>} <span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> {<span class="hljs-keyword">filter</span>} </div><style data-emotion="css ux9q70">.css-ux9q70{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-ux9q70.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rmx1rm">.css-1rmx1rm{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 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cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css rnn29l">.css-rnn29l{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-rnn29l.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css fxo539">.css-fxo539{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-fxo539::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-fxo539{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><table><thead><tr><th align="center">参数</th><th align="center">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center"><code>{table}</code></td><td align="center">表名</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><code>{filter}</code></td><td align="center">过滤器匹配条件</td></tr></tbody></table><p>此处仅展示 <code>DELETE</code> 的简单用法，详细文档可参考 TiDB 的 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/sql-statement-delete">DELETE 语法</a>。</p><h2 id="最佳实践" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5" aria-label="最佳实践 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>最佳实践</h2><p>以下是删除行时需要遵循的一些最佳实践：</p><ul><li>始终在删除语句中指定 <code>WHERE</code> 子句。如果 <code>DELETE</code> 没有 <code>WHERE</code> 子句，TiDB 将删除这个表内的<strong><em>所有行</em></strong>。</li><li>需要删除大量行(数万或更多)的时候，使用<a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4">批量删除</a>，这是因为 TiDB 单个事务大小限制为 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/tidb-configuration-file#txn-total-size-limit">txn-total-size-limit</a>（默认为 100MB）。</li><li>如果你需要删除表内的所有数据，请勿使用 <code>DELETE</code> 语句，而应该使用 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/sql-statement-truncate">TRUNCATE</a> 语句。</li><li>查看<a href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9">性能注意事项</a>。</li><li>在需要大批量删除数据的场景下，<a href="#%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4">非事务批量删除</a>对性能的提升十分明显。但与之相对的，这将丢失删除的事务性，因此<strong>无法</strong>进行回滚，请务必正确进行操作选择。</li></ul><h2 id="例子" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90" aria-label="例子 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>例子</h2><p>假设在开发中发现在特定时间段内，发生了业务错误，需要删除这期间内的所有 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-bookshop-schema-design#ratings-表">rating</a> 的数据，例如，<code>2022-04-15 00:00:00</code> 至 <code>2022-04-15 00:15:00</code> 的数据。此时，可使用 <code>SELECT</code> 语句查看需删除的数据条数：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">COUNT</span>(<span class="hljs-operator">*</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> `ratings` <span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> `rated_at` <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;=</span> "2022-04-15 00:00:00" <span class="hljs-keyword">AND</span> `rated_at` <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;=</span> "2022-04-15 00:15:00"; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><ul><li>若返回数量大于 1 万条，请参考<a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4">批量删除</a>。</li><li>若返回数量小于 1 万条，可参考下面的示例进行删除：</li></ul><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">SQL</li><li class="">Java</li><li class="">Golang</li><li class="">Python</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 SQL 中，删除数据的示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> `ratings` <span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> `rated_at` <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;=</span> "2022-04-15 00:00:00" <span class="hljs-keyword">AND</span> `rated_at` <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;=</span> "2022-04-15 00:15:00"; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Java 中，删除数据的示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-java"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-comment">// ds is an entity of com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">Connection</span> <span class="hljs-variable">connection</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ds.getConnection()) { <span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">sql</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= ? AND `rated_at` &lt;= ?"</span>; <span class="hljs-type">PreparedStatement</span> <span class="hljs-variable">preparedStatement</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> connection.prepareStatement(sql); <span class="hljs-type">Calendar</span> <span class="hljs-variable">calendar</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); calendar.set(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, Calendar.APRIL, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); preparedStatement.setTimestamp(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Timestamp</span>(calendar.getTimeInMillis())); calendar.set(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, Calendar.APRIL, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); preparedStatement.setTimestamp(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Timestamp</span>(calendar.getTimeInMillis())); preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Golang 中，删除数据的示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-go"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ( <span class="hljs-string">"database/sql"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"fmt"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"time"</span> _ <span class="hljs-string">"github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span> { db, err := sql.Open(<span class="hljs-string">"mysql"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"root:@tcp(127.0.0.1:4000)/bookshop"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err) <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> db.Close() startTime := time.Date(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, time.UTC) endTime := time.Date(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, time.UTC) bulkUpdateSql := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= ? AND `rated_at` &lt;= ?"</span>) result, err := db.Exec(bulkUpdateSql, startTime, endTime) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err) _, err = result.RowsAffected() <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Python 中，删除数据的示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-python"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> MySQLdb <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> datetime <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> time connection = MySQLdb.connect( host=<span class="hljs-string">"127.0.0.1"</span>, port=<span class="hljs-number">4000</span>, user=<span class="hljs-string">"root"</span>, password=<span class="hljs-string">""</span>, database=<span class="hljs-string">"bookshop"</span>, autocommit=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> connection: <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> connection.cursor() <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> cursor: start_time = datetime.datetime(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>) end_time = datetime.datetime(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>) delete_sql = <span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= %s AND `rated_at` &lt;= %s"</span> affect_rows = cursor.execute(delete_sql, (start_time, end_time)) <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">f'delete <span class="hljs-subst">{affect_rows}</span> data'</span>) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre></div><style data-emotion="css 1weqspv">.css-1weqspv{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1weqspv .MuiAlert-message p{margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><style data-emotion="css 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MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><style data-emotion="css 1l54tgj">.css-1l54tgj{margin-right:12px;padding:7px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:22px;opacity:0.9;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p><code>rated_at</code> 字段为<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/data-type-date-and-time">日期和时间类型</a> 中的 <code>DATETIME</code> 类型，你可以认为它在 TiDB 保存时，存储为一个字面量，与时区无关。而 <code>TIMESTAMP</code> 类型，将会保存一个时间戳，从而在不同的<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/configure-time-zone">时区配置</a>时，展示不同的时间字符串。</p><p>另外，和 MySQL 一样，<code>TIMESTAMP</code> 数据类型受 <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2038%E5%B9%B4%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">2038 年问题</a>的影响。如果存储的值大于 2038，建议使用 <code>DATETIME</code> 类型。</p></div></div></div><h2 id="性能注意事项" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9" aria-label="性能注意事项 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>性能注意事项</h2><h3 id="tidb-gc-机制" style="position:relative"><a href="#tidb-gc-%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" aria-label="tidb gc 机制 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>TiDB GC 机制</h3><p><code>DELETE</code> 语句运行之后 TiDB 并非立刻删除数据，而是将这些数据标记为可删除。然后等待 TiDB GC (Garbage Collection) 来清理不再需要的旧数据。因此，你的 <code>DELETE</code> 语句<strong><em>并不会</em></strong>立即减少磁盘用量。</p><p>GC 在默认配置中，为 10 分钟触发一次，每次 GC 都会计算出一个名为 <strong>safe_point</strong> 的时间点，这个时间点前的数据，都不会再被使用到，因此，TiDB 可以安全的对数据进行清除。</p><p>GC 的具体实现方案和细节此处不再展开，请参考 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/garbage-collection-overview">GC 机制简介</a> 了解更详细的 GC 说明。</p><h3 id="更新统计信息" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" aria-label="更新统计信息 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>更新统计信息</h3><p>TiDB 使用<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/statistics">常规统计信息</a>来决定索引的选择，因此，在大批量的数据删除之后，很有可能会导致索引选择不准确的情况发生。你可以使用<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/statistics#手动收集">手动收集</a>的办法，更新统计信息。用以给 TiDB 优化器以更准确的统计信息来提供 SQL 性能优化。</p><h2 id="批量删除" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4" aria-label="批量删除 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>批量删除</h2><p>需要删除表中多行的数据，可选择 <a href="#%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90"><code>DELETE</code> 示例</a>，并使用 <code>WHERE</code> 子句过滤需要删除的数据。</p><p>但如果你需要删除大量行（数万或更多）的时候，建议使用一个迭代，每次都只删除一部分数据，直到删除全部完成。这是因为 TiDB 单个事务大小限制为 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/tidb-configuration-file#txn-total-size-limit">txn-total-size-limit</a>（默认为 100MB）。你可以在程序或脚本中使用循环来完成操作。</p><p>本页提供了编写脚本来处理循环删除的示例，该示例演示了应如何进行 <code>SELECT</code> 和 <code>DELETE</code> 的组合，完成循环删除。</p><h3 id="编写批量删除循环" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" aria-label="编写批量删除循环 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>编写批量删除循环</h3><p>在你的应用或脚本的循环中，编写一个 <code>DELETE</code> 语句，使用 <code>WHERE</code> 子句过滤需要删除的行，并使用 <code>LIMIT</code> 限制单次删除的数据条数。</p><h3 id="批量删除例子" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90" aria-label="批量删除例子 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>批量删除例子</h3><p>假设发现在特定时间段内，发生了业务错误，需要删除这期间内的所有 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/dev-guide-bookshop-schema-design#ratings-表">rating</a> 的数据，例如，<code>2022-04-15 00:00:00</code> 至 <code>2022-04-15 00:15:00</code> 的数据。并且在 15 分钟内，有大于 1 万条数据被写入，此时请使用循环删除的方式进行删除：</p><ul class="simple-tab-module--tabs--tXejZ simple-tab-container"><li class="simple-tab-module--active--dcjQ4">Java</li><li class="">Golang</li><li class="">Python</li></ul><div class=""><p>在 Java 中，批量删除程序类似于以下内容：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-java"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.pingcap.bulkDelete; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.Connection; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.PreparedStatement; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.SQLException; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.Timestamp; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Calendar; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BatchDeleteExample</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException { <span class="hljs-comment">// Configure the example database connection.</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Create a mysql data source instance.</span> <span class="hljs-type">MysqlDataSource</span> <span class="hljs-variable">mysqlDataSource</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MysqlDataSource</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">// Set server name, port, database name, username and password.</span> mysqlDataSource.setServerName(<span class="hljs-string">"localhost"</span>); mysqlDataSource.setPortNumber(<span class="hljs-number">4000</span>); mysqlDataSource.setDatabaseName(<span class="hljs-string">"bookshop"</span>); mysqlDataSource.setUser(<span class="hljs-string">"root"</span>); mysqlDataSource.setPassword(<span class="hljs-string">""</span>); <span class="hljs-type">Integer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">updateCount</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (updateCount != <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) { updateCount = batchDelete(mysqlDataSource); <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Integer <span class="hljs-title function_">batchDelete</span> <span class="hljs-params">(MysqlDataSource ds)</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">Connection</span> <span class="hljs-variable">connection</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> ds.getConnection()) { <span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">sql</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= ? AND `rated_at` &lt;= ? LIMIT 1000"</span>; <span class="hljs-type">PreparedStatement</span> <span class="hljs-variable">preparedStatement</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> connection.prepareStatement(sql); <span class="hljs-type">Calendar</span> <span class="hljs-variable">calendar</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); calendar.set(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, Calendar.APRIL, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); preparedStatement.setTimestamp(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Timestamp</span>(calendar.getTimeInMillis())); calendar.set(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, Calendar.APRIL, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); preparedStatement.setTimestamp(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Timestamp</span>(calendar.getTimeInMillis())); <span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-variable">count</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"delete "</span> + count + <span class="hljs-string">" data"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> count; } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>; </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>每次迭代中，<code>DELETE</code> 最多删除 1000 行时间段为 <code>2022-04-15 00:00:00</code> 至 <code>2022-04-15 00:15:00</code> 的数据。</p></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Golang 中，批量删除程序类似于以下内容：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-go"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ( <span class="hljs-string">"database/sql"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"fmt"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"time"</span> _ <span class="hljs-string">"github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span> { db, err := sql.Open(<span class="hljs-string">"mysql"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"root:@tcp(127.0.0.1:4000)/bookshop"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err) <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> db.Close() affectedRows := <span class="hljs-type">int64</span>(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>) startTime := time.Date(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, time.UTC) endTime := time.Date(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, time.UTC) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> affectedRows != <span class="hljs-number">0</span> { affectedRows, err = deleteBatch(db, startTime, endTime) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err) <span class="hljs-comment">// deleteBatch delete at most 1000 lines per batch</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> <span class="hljs-title">deleteBatch</span><span class="hljs-params">(db *sql.DB, startTime, endTime time.Time)</span></span> (<span class="hljs-type">int64</span>, <span class="hljs-type">error</span>) { bulkUpdateSql := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= ? AND `rated_at` &lt;= ? LIMIT 1000"</span>) result, err := db.Exec(bulkUpdateSql, startTime, endTime) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, err affectedRows, err := result.RowsAffected() <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, err fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">"delete %d data\n"</span>, affectedRows) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> affectedRows, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>每次迭代中，<code>DELETE</code> 最多删除 1000 行时间段为 <code>2022-04-15 00:00:00</code> 至 <code>2022-04-15 00:15:00</code> 的数据。</p></div><div class="simple-tab-module--hidden--xELDk"><p>在 Python 中，批量删除程序类似于以下内容：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-python"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> MySQLdb <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> datetime <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> time connection = MySQLdb.connect( host=<span class="hljs-string">"127.0.0.1"</span>, port=<span class="hljs-number">4000</span>, user=<span class="hljs-string">"root"</span>, password=<span class="hljs-string">""</span>, database=<span class="hljs-string">"bookshop"</span>, autocommit=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> connection: <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> connection.cursor() <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> cursor: start_time = datetime.datetime(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>) end_time = datetime.datetime(<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>) affect_rows = -<span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> affect_rows != <span class="hljs-number">0</span>: delete_sql = <span class="hljs-string">"DELETE FROM `bookshop`.`ratings` WHERE `rated_at` &gt;= %s AND `rated_at` &lt;= %s LIMIT 1000"</span>