GUO Zhongyi, WANG Yanzhe, ZHENG Qun, et al. Advances of research on antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic waves[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8(5): 631–655. doi: 10.12000/JR19091 Citation: GUO Zhongyi, WANG Yanzhe, ZHENG Qun, et al . Advances of research on antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic waves[J]. Journal of Radars , 2019, 8(5): 631–655. doi: 10.12000/JR19091 GUO Zhongyi, WANG Yanzhe, ZHENG Qun, et al. Advances of research on antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic waves[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8(5): 631–655. doi: 10.12000/JR19091 Citation: GUO Zhongyi, WANG Yanzhe, ZHENG Qun, et al . Advances of research on antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic waves[J]. Journal of Radars , 2019, 8(5): 631–655. doi: 10.12000/JR19091 作者简介:

郭忠义(1981–)，男，安徽阜南人，合肥工业大学教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向包括涡旋雷达系统、智能传感系统、偏振智能信息处理、先进光通信技术、复杂电磁环境等。发表SCI检索论文130余篇，被国际国内同行正面引用1400余次。E-mail: [email protected]

汪彦哲(1996–)，男，安徽芜湖人，在读硕士。2019年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为涡旋电磁波天线与涡旋电磁波雷达成像。E-mail: [email protected]

郑　群(1996–)，女，安徽池州人，在读硕士。2017年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为超表面天线、涡旋电磁波天线，目前发表论文2篇。E-mail: [email protected]

尹超逸(1994–)，男，安徽安庆人，在读硕士。2017年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为涡旋电磁波天线、共口径天线，目前发表论文1篇。E-mail: [email protected]

杨　阳，男，河南南阳人，在读博士。2015年获得电子科技大学真空电子专业学士学位，目前在电子科技大学微波电真空器件国家重点实验室攻读物理电子学博士学位。研究方向包括浸水天线、OAM天线和微波成像，目前已经发表期刊论文2篇，会议论文5篇。E-mail: [email protected]

宫玉彬，男，山东蓬莱人，博士，教授。1998年在电子科技大学获得物理电子专业博士学位。现为电子科技大学特聘教授、微波真空器件国家重点实验室副主任、研究室主任。研究方向包括新的毫米波和太赫兹辐射源，以及生物电磁效应，发表300多篇学术论文，获得科学和学术奖项十多次。E-mail: [email protected]

通讯作者: 郭忠义 [email protected] 责任主编：崔铁军 Corresponding Editor: CUI Tiejun

中图分类号: TN820

More Information

Corresponding author: GUO Zhongyi, [email protected]

涡旋电磁波，因携带有轨道角动量(OAM)，从而体现出除了传统的强度、相位、频率、极化等自由度之外的一种新型自由度，理论上在任意频率下都具有无穷多种互不干扰的正交模态，并且近年来其在雷达成像、无线通信等研究领域展现出重要的应用潜力，所以引起国内外学者的广泛关注，具有很高的研究价值和应用前景。在这里，该文主要介绍近年来涡旋电磁波天线技术的研究进展，包括单一微带贴片天线、阵列天线、行波天线、以及超表面天线结构等。单一微带贴片天线由于其结构简单、制作成本低而被广泛运用；行波天线可以在宽带范围内产生多OAM模式的涡旋电磁波；阵列天线的设计原理简单，可以灵活地控制产生不同模态的高增益OAM电磁波；而超表面天线不需要复杂的馈电网络，从而具有天线整体剖面较低的优势。该文对这4种常见的涡旋电磁波天线进行了总结，并展望了未来的发展趋势。

涡旋电磁波 /  单一微带贴片天线 /  行波天线 /  阵列天线 /  超表面天线 Abstract: The vortex electromagnetic wave, which carries the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), reflects a new degree of freedom in addition to the traditional degrees of freedom such as intensity, phase, frequency, and polarization. Theoretically, vortex electromagnetic wave, at any frequency, has an infinite number of orthogonal modes that do not interfere with each other, and in recent years, they have shown important potential applications in the fields of radar imaging, wireless communication and so on. Therefore, they have attracted considerable attention from scholars worldwide owing to their high research value and application prospects. Here, this paper mainly introduces the recent research advances on the antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic wave, including single microstrip patch antenna, array antenna, traveling wave antenna, and metasurface antenna structure. The single microstrip patch antenna is widely used owing to its simple structure and low manufacturing cost. The traveling wave antenna can generate multi-OAM mode vortex electromagnetic waves in a wide-frequency range. The array antenna is easy to design and controllably generate high-gain OAM electromagnetic waves with different modes. The metasurface antennas do not require complex feeding networks, which has the advantage of a lower profile of the antenna. Finally, we summarize these four common vortex antennas and further look forward to their future developments.

Key words: Vortex electromagnetic wave /  Single microstrip patch antenna /  Traveling wave antenna /  Array antenna /  Metasurface antenna  天线类型单位时间天线尺寸($ \lambda_0 $)工作频率(GHz)OAM模式增益(dB) 不规则F形结构 ^{[ 51 ]} 北京邮电大学20171.02×1.25×0.0617.00+1/规则的椭圆形结构 ^{[ 52 ]} 意大利尼科洛库萨诺大学20140.80×0.80×0.012.40+1, +2/规则的正八边形结构 ^{[ 53 ]} 西安电子科技大学20191.24×1.24×0.022.47+1, –14.8规则的圆形结构 ^{[ 54 ]} 厦门大学20190.27×0.27×0.01
0.46×0.46×0.021.62
2.73+1
+2/双馈点环形嵌套结构 ^{[ 55 ]} 成都电子科技大学2017$ \Phi $2.26×0.035.65+1, –2/单馈点环形嵌套结构 ^{[ 56 ]} 中国人民大学20181.00×1.00×0.134.65～5.20+2, +31.5, 1.8单馈点圆锥共形结构 ^{[ 57 ]} 合肥工业大学2019$\Phi $0.53×0.022.40±1, ±26.6单馈点环形嵌套结构 ^{[ 58 ]} 意大利尼科洛库萨诺大学2017$\Phi $1.00×0.012.00+1/ 天线类型单位时间天线尺寸(λ ₀ )工作频率(GHz)OAM模式增益(dB) 环形谐振腔天线 ^{[ 59 - 61 ]} 浙江大学2015/10.002, 3, 4/2017Φ4.1210.00±33.392017Φ20.00×8.4310.00±218.85±319.75单臂阿基米德平面螺旋天线 ^{[ 62 ]} 云南大学2017Φ0.76×0.011.30～3.251/Φ1.57×0.023.45～6.102Φ2.79×0.036.25～10.503嵌套三维立体螺旋线 ^{[ 63 ]} 空军工程大学2019>Φ0.904.80～5.2027.603加腔内外馈电阿基米德螺旋线 ^{[ 65 ]} 合肥工业大学20192.60×0.803.00±16.70～10.003.47×1.074.00±24.16×1.284.80±3加腔三维立体螺旋线 ^{[ 66 ]} 合肥工业大学2019Φ0.51×0.130.7604.55Φ1.03×0.261.551Φ1.63×0.412.452四臂等角平面螺旋天线 ^{[ 64 ]} 电子科技大学2019Φ2.13×0.035.60～6.000/–1–2–3三环嵌套平面等角螺旋线 ^{[ 67 ]} 电子科技大学2019Φ3.00×0.573.0016.9436.7655.49 阵元结构单位时间天线尺寸(λ ₀ )工作频率(GHz)OAM模式增益(dB) 微带贴片英国谢菲尔德大学 ^{[ 72 ]} 2014Φ2.00×0.0510.00±12.45法国雷恩第一大学 ^{[ 73 ]} 20150.91×0.69×0.012.50+1/意大利帕多瓦大学 ^{[ 74 ]} 2015Φ1.60×0.015.750, ±18.35上海交通大学 ^{[ 83 ]} 20161.67×1.67×0.104.80±19.00清华大学 ^{[ 75 ]} 20172.03×2.03×0.011.900, ±1, ±2, ±3/复旦大学 ^{[ 76 ]} 2017Φ4.84×0.035.72～5.95±1/中国科学院大学 ^{[ 86 ]} 2017Φ6.008.00～12.000, +1, +2, +3/西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 53 , 77 , 80 , 82 , 84 ]} 20172.20×2.00×0.105.40～5.60–1
+17.35
8.053.10×3.10×0.079.70～10.700
±1
±2
±314.15
9.55
9.25
8.9520190.61×0.61×0.022.40–1,–2/Φ3.33×0.062.33～2.73±1, ±2, ±36.35Φ1.90×0.065.800, –1, –2, –3>6.55湖南大学 ^{[ 78 ]} 20181.28×1.28×0.072.50+1
–13.15
3.05内蒙古科技大学 ^{[ 79 ]} 2018Φ5.60×0.055.50～6.10
5.65～6.10±1
±2
09.15
4.05
7.45电子科技大学 ^{[ 33 ]} 20194.85×4.85×0.1413.50～16.70–1, –2/韩国牧园大学 ^{[ 85 ]} 20197.50×7.5018.00+5/北京邮电大学 ^{[ 81 ]} 2019Φ1.00×0.021.55±1, +2/喇叭上海交通大学 ^{[ 89 ]} 2015Φ4.002.200, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±48.75国防科技大学 ^{[ 90 ]} 2016Φ10.009.900, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7/浙江大学 ^{[ 92 ]} 20168.86×9.06×0.029.700, ±18.48电子科技大学 ^{[ 91 ]} 2018Φ0.80×0.342.450, +1, +2, +3/偶极子瑞典乌普萨拉大学 ^{[ 43 , 70 ]} 2007Φ4.001.00+1, +2, +4/2010Φ1.502.40+1,+2/华南理工大学 ^{[ 71 ]} 20171.76×1.76×0.012.10～2.70±1/Vivaldi北京理工大学 ^{[ 87 ]} 2013Φ1.57×1.206.000,±1,±2,±3,+47.00电子科技大学 ^{[ 88 ]} 2018Φ0.51×0.402.70～2.900, ±2/谐振腔华中科技大学 ^{[ 93 ]} 2016Φ1.00×0.163.50+1, +2/表面等离子体激元东南大学 ^{[ 94 ]} 2018Φ3.20×0.065.50
5.80
6.00
6.30
6.60–2
–1
0
+1
+2/单臂螺旋西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 95 ]} 2018Φ5.33×0.473.40～4.70+1, +2, +38.50 天线类型单位时间天线尺寸(λ ₀ )工作频率(GHz)OAM模式增益(dB) 反射型超表面西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 98 - 104 ]} 201610.00×10.00×0.125.801; 2; 4/201610.00×10.00×0.125.80 x 极化1, y 极化2/201610.00×10.00×0.075.50～6.501, 1; 1, 2/201710.00×10.00×0.075.801, 2/201812.60×12.60×0.2210.001/20188.82×8.82×0.16
14.70×14.70×0.266.00
10.001, –1(±30°)
1, –1(±30°)17.7
19.8201810.50×10.50×0.139.00～11.00119.9衡阳师范学院 ^{[ 107 ]} 20176.72×6.72×0.136.95～18.001; 2/浙江大学 ^{[ 108 ]} 2017Φ7.00×0.1010.000; 1; 210东南大学 ^{[ 105 ]} 201812.50×12.50×3.0040.25–1/安徽大学 ^{[ 106 ]} 20192.38×2.38×0.075.00～6.30–1, 0, 111.05南京航空航天大学 ^{[ 109 ]} 2019Φ6.46×0.1518.00～42.001, 3/北京邮电大学 ^{[ 110 ]} 2019Φ15.00×0.105.00～7.50417.93华南理工大学 ^{[ 111 ]} 20193.87×3.87×0.115.801; 2; 3; 415.4中国科学院 ^{[ 112 ]} 20198.50×8.50×0.10
4.20×4.20×0.055.20
10.50～12.001
2/合肥工业大学 ^{[ 113 ]} 20193.50×3.50×0.10300.00–1, –2, –3, 1, 2, 3>20透射型超表面北京大学 ^{[ 114 ]} 20155.00×5.00×0.0811.802/香港大学 ^{[ 119 , 120 ]} 20179.60×9.60×0.0517.852; 4/20174.58×4.58×0.0517.85–1, –2, 0, 1, 2/浙江大学 ^{[ 121 ]} 20186.90×7.30×2.6010.00–1, –2, –3, –4 1, 2, 3, 4/南京理工大学 ^{[ 126 ]} 20189.40×9.40×0.7632.90～36.80 x 极化–1, y 极化215西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 115 - 118 ]} 201718.60×18.60×0.6810.002/20184.67×4.67×0.1510.00114.520189.20×9.20×0.2313.00～15.00 x 极化0, y 极化126, 2020194.80×4.80×0.209.60～10.321; 2; 3/上海交通大学 ^{[ 122 ]} 20196.00×6.00×0.0510.001; 2/哈尔滨工业大学 ^{[ 123 ]} 20198.00×8.00×0.1510.00～11.301/空军工程大学 ^{[ 124 ]} 20194.88×4.88×0.1414.001/中国科学院 ^{[ 125 ]} 20195.25×5.25×0.1010.00210.85全息超表面香港大学 ^{[ 127 ]} 20163.50×3.50×0.106.202; 4/西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 128 , 129 ]} 201920.20×20.20×0.1120.00–1, 1(±30°)/201920.20×20.20×0.1120.001; 2; 3/数字编码型超表面西安电子科技大学 ^{[ 130 , 131 ]} 20186.30×6.30×0.044.751, 2/20186.67×6.67×0.045.001(0°, 30°)
2(0°, 20°)/空军工程大学 ^{[ 132 - 134 ]} 20189.00×9.00×0.066.001/20188.84×8.84×0.088.50 x -极化–2, 2
y -极化–1, 1/20195.85×5.85×0.077.10～7.50
7.00～7.50–1
114.7
11.1东南大学 ^{[ 135 - 137 ]} 201712.00×12.00×0.1014.50～15.501(±30°)/2017Φ15.00×0.1515.00 x -极化1
y -极化–1/20194.80×4.80×0.0510.001, –1/ 郭桂蓉, 胡卫东, 杜小勇. 基于电磁涡旋的雷达目标成像[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2013, 35(6): 71–76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2013.06.013

GUO Guirong, HU Weidong, and DU Xiaoyong. Electromagnetic vortex based radar target imaging[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology , 2013, 35(6): 71–76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2013.06.013 YUAN Tiezhu, WANG Hongqiang, CHENG Yongqiang, et al . Electromagnetic vortex-based radar imaging using a single receiving antenna: Theory and experimental results[J]. Sensors , 2017, 17(3): 630. doi: 10.3390/s17030630 LIU Kang, LI Xiang, GAO Yue, et al . High-resolution electromagnetic vortex imaging based on sparse Bayesian learning[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal , 2017, 17(21): 6918–6927. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2754554 WANG Jianqiu, LIU Kang, CHENG Yongqiang, et al . Three-dimensional target imaging based on vortex stripmap SAR[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal , 2019, 19(4): 1338–1345. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2879814 ZHAO Mingyang, GAO Xinlu, XIE Mutong, et al . Measurement of the rotational Doppler frequency shift of a spinning object using a radio frequency orbital angular momentum beam[J]. Optics Letters , 2016, 41(11): 2549–2552. doi: 10.1364/OL.41.002549 GONG Ting, CHENG Yongqiang, LI Xiang, et al . Micromotion detection of moving and spinning object based on rotational Doppler shift[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters , 2018, 28(9): 843–845. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2018.2858552 WANG Dangdang, CHEN Danyang, LUAN Huashan, et al. A new method for transcranial vortex microwave beam imaging[C]. Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Chengdu, China, 2018: 1–3. TURNBULL G A, ROBERTSON D A, SMITH G M, et al . The generation of free-space Laguerre-Gaussian modes at millimetre-wave frequencies by use of a spiral phaseplate[J]. Optics Communications , 1996, 127(4/6): 183–188. THIDÉ B, THEN H, SJÖHOLM J, et al . Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain[J]. Physical Review Letters , 2007, 99(8): 087701. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.087701 李龙, 薛皓, 冯强. 涡旋电磁波的理论与应用研究进展[J]. 微波学报, 2018, 34(2): 1–12.

LI Long, XUE Hao, and FENG Qiang. Research progresses in theory and applications of vortex electromagnetic waves[J]. Journal of Microwaves , 2018, 34(2): 1–12. 唐玥, 毛天, 江冰. 多分辨率复合数字阵列天线的设计与实验[J]. 雷达学报, 2016, 5(3): 265–270. doi: 10.12000/JR16005

TANG Yue, MAO Tian, and JIANG Bing. Design and experiment of multi-resolution composite digital array antenna[J]. Journal of Radars , 2016, 5(3): 265–270. doi: 10.12000/JR16005 郑士昆, 冀有志, 崔兆云, 等. 环境一号C星SAR天线设计与分析[J]. 雷达学报, 2014, 3(3): 266–273. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2014.14040

ZHENG Shikun, JI Youzhi, CUI Zhaoyun, et al . Design and analysis of HJ-1-C satellite SAR antenna[J]. Journal of Radars , 2014, 3(3): 266–273. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2014.14040 李烈辰, 李道京, 黄平平. 基于变换域稀疏压缩感知的艇载稀疏阵列天线雷达实孔径成像[J]. 雷达学报, 2016, 5(1): 109–117. doi: 10.12000/JR14159

LI Liechen, LI Daojing, and HUANG Pingping. Airship sparse array antenna radar real aperture imaging based on compressed sensing and sparsity in transform domain[J]. Journal of Radars , 2016, 5(1): 109–117. doi: 10.12000/JR14159 黄平平, 谭维贤, 苏莹, 等. 直升机载弧形阵列MIMO微波成像技术研究[J]. 雷达学报, 2015, 4(1): 11–19. doi: 10.12000/JR15005

HUANG Pingping, TAN Weixian, SU Ying, et al . Research on helicopter-borne MIMO microwave imaging technology based on arc antenna array[J]. Journal of Radars , 2015, 4(1): 11–19. doi: 10.12000/JR15005 刘峻峰, 刘硕, 傅晓建, 等. 太赫兹信息超材料与超表面[J]. 雷达学报, 2018, 7(1): 46–55. doi: 10.12000/JR17100

LIU Junfeng, LIU Shuo, FU Xiaojian, et al . Terahertz information metamaterials and metasurfaces[J]. Journal of Radars , 2018, 7(1): 46–55. doi: 10.12000/JR17100 GORI F, GUATTARI G, and PADOVANI C. Bessel-gauss beams[J]. Optics Communications , 1987, 64(6): 491–495. doi: 10.1016/0030-4018(87)90276-8 XU Jianchun, ZHAO Mingyang, ZHANG Ru, et al . A wideband F-shaped microstrip antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 829–832. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2606118 BARBUTO M, TROTTA F, BILOTTI F, et al . Circular polarized patch antenna generating orbital angular momentum[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research , 2014, 148: 23–30. doi: 10.2528/PIER14050204 GUO Chong, ZHAO Xunwang, ZHU Cheng, et al . An OAM patch antenna design and its array for higher order OAM mode generation[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(5): 816–820. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2900265 LI Weiwen, ZHANG Liangcai, ZHU Jianbin, et al . Constructing dual-frequency OAM circular patch antenna using characteristic mode theory[J]. Journal of Applied Physics , 2019, 126(6): 064501. doi: 10.1063/1.5100631 ZHANG Zongtang, XIAO Shaoqiu, LI Yan, et al . A circularly polarized multimode patch antenna for the generation of multiple orbital angular momentum modes[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 521–524. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2586975 DANG Weiguo, ZHU Yongzhong, YU Yang, et al . Double-OAM-mode resistor loaded microstrip antenna with a top dielectric layer[J]. IEICE Electronics Express , 2018, 15(12): 20180370. doi: 10.1587/elex.15.20180370 SHEN Fei, MU Jiangnan, GUO Kai, et al . Generating circularly polarized vortex electromagnetic waves by the conical conformal patch antenna[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2019, 67(9): 5763–5771. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2922545 BARBUTO M, BILOTTI F, and TOSCANO A. Patch antenna generating structured fields with a möbius polarization state[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 1345–1348. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2634081 ZHENG Shilie, HUI Xiaonan, JIN Xiaofeng, et al . Transmission characteristics of a twisted radio wave based on circular traveling-wave antenna[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2015, 63(4): 1530–1536. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2393885 ZHANG Zhuofan, ZHENG Shilie, JIN Xiaofeng, et al . Generation of plane spiral OAM waves using traveling-wave circular slot antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 8–11. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2552227 ZHANG Weite, ZHENG Shilie, HUI Xiaonan, et al . Four-OAM-mode antenna with traveling-wave ring-slot structure[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 194–197. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2569540 MAO Fuchun, HUANG Ming, LI Tinghua, et al . Broadband generation of orbital angular momentum carrying beams in RF regimes[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research , 2017, 160: 19–27. doi: 10.2528/PIER17082302 DANG Weiguo, ZHU Yongzhong, YU Yang, et al . A miniaturized dual-Orbital-Angular-Momentum (OAM)–mode helix antenna[J]. IEEE Access , 2018, 6: 57056–57060. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873082 YI Ziqiang, TIAN Shuai, LIU Yafei, et al . Multimode orbital angular momentum antenna based on four-arm planar spiral[J]. Electronics Letters , 2019, 55(16): 875–876. doi: 10.1049/el.2019.1606 WANG Lulu, CHEN Huiyong, GUO Kai, et al . An inner- and outer-fed dual-arm archimedean spiral antenna for generating multiple orbital angular momentum modes[J]. Electronics , 2019, 8(2): 251. doi: 10.3390/electronics8020251 SHEN Fei, MU Jiangnan, GUO Kai, et al . Generation of continuously variable-mode vortex electromagnetic waves with three-dimensional helical antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(6): 1091–1095. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2907931 YANG Yang, GUO Kai, SHEN Fei, et al . Generating multiple OAM based on a nested dual-arm spiral antenna[J]. IEEE Access , 2019, 7: 138541–138547. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2942601 CHEO B, RUMSEY V, and WELCH W. A solution to the frequency-independent antenna problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 1961, 9(6): 527–534. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1961.1145057 SIVAN-SUSSMAN R. Various modes of the equiangular spiral antenna[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 1963, 11(5): 533–539. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1963.1138097 MOHAMMADI S M, DALDORFF L K S, BERGMAN J E S, et al . Orbital angular momentum in radio—A system study[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2010, 58(2): 565–572. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037701 LIU Baiyang, CUI Yuehui, and LI Ronglin. A broadband dual-polarized dual-OAM-mode antenna array for OAM communication[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 744–747. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2601615 BAI Q, TENNANT A, and ALLEN B. Experimental circular phased array for generating OAM radio beams[J]. Electronics Letters , 2014, 50(20): 1414–1415. doi: 10.1049/el.2014.2860 WEI Wenlong, MAHDJOUBI K, BROUSSEAU C, et al . Generation of OAM waves with circular phase shifter and array of patch antennas[J]. Electronics Letters , 2015, 51(6): 442–443. doi: 10.1049/el.2014.4425 SPINELLO F, MARI E, OLDONI M, et al. Experimental near field OAM-based communication with circular patch array[J]. Physics , 2015, arXiv: 1507.06889. DENG Changjiang, ZHANG Kai, and FENG Zhenghe. Generating and measuring tunable orbital angular momentum radio beams with digital control method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2017, 65(2): 899–902. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2632532 GUO Zhigui and YANG Guomin. Radial uniform circular antenna array for dual-mode OAM communication[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 404–407. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2581204 LI Hui, KANG Le, WEI Feng, et al . A low-profile dual-polarized microstrip antenna array for dual-mode OAM applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2017, 16: 3022–3025. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2758520 LIU Qiang, CHEN Zhining, LIU Yuanan, et al . Circular polarization and mode reconfigurable wideband orbital angular momentum patch array antenna[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2018, 66(4): 1796–1804. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2803757 WANG Yanyang, DU Yongxing, QIN Ling, et al . An electronically mode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum array antenna[J]. IEEE Access , 2018, 6: 64603–64610. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877782 KANG Le, LI Hui, ZHOU Jinzhu, et al . A mode-reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna with simplified feeding scheme[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2019, 67(7): 4866–4871. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2916595 BI Ke, XU Jianchun, YANG Daquan, et al . Generation of orbital angular momentum beam with circular polarization ceramic antenna array[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal , 2019, 11(2): 7901508. XI Rui, LIU Haixia, and LI Long. Generation and analysis of high-gain orbital angular momentum vortex wave using circular array and parasitic EBG with oblique incidence[J]. Scientific Reports , 2017, 7(1): 17363. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17793-1 BAI Xudong, LIANG Xianling, SUN Yuntao, et al . Experimental array for generating dual circularly-polarized dual-mode OAM radio beams[J]. Scientific Reports , 2017, 7: 40099. doi: 10.1038/srep40099 QIN Fan, LI Lihong, LIU Yi, et al . A four-mode OAM antenna array with equal divergence angle[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(9): 1941–1945. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2934524 CHO Y H and BYUN W J. Analysis of a uniform rectangular array for generation of arbitrary Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes[J]. Electronics Letters , 2019, 55(9): 503–504. doi: 10.1049/el.2019.0190 GONG Yinghui, WANG R, DENG Yunkai, et al . Generation and transmission of OAM-carrying vortex beams using circular antenna array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2017, 65(6): 2940–2949. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2695526 DENG Changjiang, CHEN Wenhua, ZHANG Zhijun, et al . Generation of OAM radio waves using circular Vivaldi antenna array[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation , 2013, 2013: 847859. YANG Tianming, YANG Deqiang, WANG Boning, et al . Experimentally validated, wideband, compact, OAM antennas based on circular Vivaldi antenna array[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research , 2018, 80: 211–219. doi: 10.2528/PIERC17110702 BAI Xudong, LIANG Xianling, JIN Ronghong, et al. Generation of OAM radio waves with three polarizations using circular horn antenna array[C]. Proceedings of the 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Lisbon, Portugal, 2015. LIU Kang, LIU Hongyan, QIN Yuliang, et al . Generation of OAM beams using phased array in the microwave band[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2016, 64(9): 3850–3857. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2589960 YANG Yang, XU Jin, YIN Hairong, et al. Study of a water-immersed orbital angular momentum circular antenna array[C]. Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Boston, USA, 2018: 527–528. XU Chen, ZHENG Shilie, ZHANG Weite, et al . Free-space radio communication employing OAM multiplexing based on Rotman lens[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters , 2016, 26(9): 738–740. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2016.2597262 AKRAM M R, GUI Liangqi, and LIU Dandan. OAM radio waves generation using dielectric resonator antenna array[C]. Proceedings of 2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Shenzhen, China, 2016: 591–593. YIN Jiayuan, REN Jian, ZHANG Lei, et al . Microwave vortex-beam emitter based on spoof surface Plasmon polaritons[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2018, 12(3): 1600316. LI Long and ZHOU Xiaoxiao. Mechanically reconfigurable single-arm spiral antenna array for generation of broadband circularly polarized orbital angular momentum vortex waves[J]. Scientific Reports , 2018, 8: 5128. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23415-1 YU Nanfang, GENEVET P, KATS M A, et al . Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science , 2011, 334(6054): 333–337. doi: 10.1126/science.1210713 ZHANG Haochi, Zhang Qian, LIU Junfeng, et al . Smaller-loss planar SPP transmission line than conventional microstrip in microwave frequencies[J]. Scientific Reports , 2016, 6: 23396. doi: 10.1038/srep23396 YU Shixing, LI Long, SHI Guangming, et al . Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain[J]. Applied Physics Letters , 2016, 108(24): 241901. doi: 10.1063/1.4953786 YU Shixing, LI Long, SHI Guangming, et al . Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain[J]. Applied Physics Letters , 2016, 108(12): 121903. doi: 10.1063/1.4944789 [100] YU Shixing, LI Long, and SHI Guangming. Dual-polarization and dual-mode orbital angular momentum radio vortex beam generated by using reflective metasurface[J]. Applied Physics Express , 2016, 9(8): 082202. doi: 10.7567/APEX.9.082202 [101] YU Shixing, LI Long, and KOU Na. Generation, reception and separation of mixed-state orbital angular momentum vortex beams using metasurfaces[J]. Optical Materials Express , 2017, 7(9): 3312–3321. doi: 10.1364/OME.7.003312 [102] MENG Xiangshuai, WU Jiaji, WU Zhensen, et al . Design of multiple-polarization reflectarray for orbital angular momentum wave in radio frequency[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2018, 17(12): 2269–2273. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2873083 [103] MENG Xiangshuai, WU Jiaji, WU Zhensen, et al . Dual-polarized reflectarray for generating dual beams with two different orbital angular momentum modes based on independent feeds in C- and X-bands[J]. Optics Express , 2018, 26(18): 23185–23195. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.023185 [104] CHEN Guantao, JIAO Yongchang, and ZHAO Gang. A reflectarray for generating wideband circularly polarized orbital angular momentum vortex wave[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(1): 182–186. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2885345 [105] SHEN Yizhu, YANG Jiawei, MENG Hongfu, et al . Generating millimeter-wave Bessel beam with orbital angular momentum using reflective-type metasurface inherently integrated with source[J]. Applied Physics Letters , 2018, 112(14): 141901. doi: 10.1063/1.5023327 [106] WU Jie, ZHANG Zhongxiang, REN Xin’gang, et al . A broadband electronically mode-reconfigurable orbital angular momentum metasurface antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(7): 1482–1486. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2920695 [107] XU Hexiu, LIU Haiwen, LING Xiaohui, et al . Broadband vortex beam generation using multimode pancharatnam–berry metasurface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2017, 65(12): 7378–7382. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2761548 [108] ZHANG Youfei, LYU Yang, WANG Haogang, et al . Transforming surface wave to propagating OAM vortex wave via flat dispersive metasurface in radio frequency[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2018, 17(1): 172–175. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2779269 [109] DONG Xiaohang, SUN Hengyi, GU Changqing, et al . Generation of ultra-wideband multi-mode vortex waves based on monolayer reflective metasurface[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research , 2019, 80: 111–120. doi: 10.2528/PIERM19010504 [110] AKRAM Z, LI Xiuping, QI Zihang, et al . Broadband high-order OAM reflective metasurface with high mode purity using subwavelength element and circular aperture[J]. IEEE Access , 2019, 7: 71963–71971. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2919779 [111] HUANG Huifen and LI Shuainan. High-efficiency planar reflectarray with small-size for OAM generation at microwave range[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(3): 432–436. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2893321 [112] JI Chen, SONG Jiakun, HUANG Cheng, et al . Dual-band vortex beam generation with different OAM modes using single-layer metasurface[J]. Optics Express , 2019, 27(1): 34–44. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.000034 [113] YIN Zhiping, ZHENG Qun, GUO Kai, et al . Tunable beam steering, focusing and generating of orbital angular momentum vortex beams using high-order patch array[J]. Applied Sciences , 2019, 9(15): 2949. doi: 10.3390/app9152949 [114] TAN Yunhua, LI Lianlin, and RUAN Henxin. An efficient approach to generate microwave vector-vortex fields based on metasurface[J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters , 2015, 57(7): 1708–1713. doi: 10.1002/mop.29156 [115] KOU Na, YU Shixing, and LI Long. Generation of high-order Bessel vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum using multilayer amplitude-phase-modulated surfaces in radiofrequency domain[J]. Applied Physics Express , 2017, 10(1): 016701. doi: 10.7567/APEX.10.016701 [116] QIN Fan, WAN Lulan, LI Lihong, et al . A transmission metasurface for generating OAM beams[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2018, 17(10): 1793–1796. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2867045 [117] QIN Fan, GAO S, CHENG Wenchi, et al . A high-gain transmitarray for generating dual-mode OAM beams[J]. IEEE Access , 2018, 6: 61006–61013. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875680 [118] YI Jianjia, LI Die, FENG Rui, et al . Design and validation of a metasurface lens for converging vortex beams[J]. Applied Physics Express , 2019, 12(8): 084501. doi: 10.7567/1882-0786/ab2c1d [119] CHEN M L, JIANG Lijun, and SHA W E I. Ultrathin complementary metasurface for orbital angular momentum generation at microwave frequencies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2017, 65(1): 396–400. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2626722 [120] CHEN M L N, JIANG Lijun, and SHA W E I. Detection of orbital angular momentum with metasurface at microwave band[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2018, 17(1): 110–113. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2777439 [121] WANG Xinyue, CHEN Yiling, ZHENG Shilie, et al . Reconfigurable OAM antenna based on sub-wavelength phase modulation structure[J]. IET Microwaves , Antennas & Propagation , 2018, 12(3): 354–359. [122] AKRAM M R, BAI Xudong, JIN Ronghong, et al . Photon spin Hall effect-based ultra-thin transmissive metasurface for efficient generation of OAM waves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2019, 67(7): 4650–4658. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2905777 [123] WANG Yuxiang, ZHANG Kuang, YUAN Yueyi, et al . Generation of high-efficiency vortex beam carrying OAM mode based on miniaturized element frequency selective surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics , 2019, 55(10): 7501104. [124] LIU Kaiyue, WANG Guangming, LI Zhong, et al . A multi-functional vortex beam generator based on transparent anisotropic metasurface[J]. Optics Communications , 2019, 435: 311–318. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2018.11.067 [125] MA Lina, CHEN Chang, ZHOU Lingyun, et al . Single-layer transmissive metasurface for generating OAM vortex wave with homogeneous radiation based on the principle of Fabry-Perot cavity[J]. Applied Physics Letters , 2019, 114(8): 081603. doi: 10.1063/1.5081514 [126] GUAN Ling, HE Zi, DING Dazhi, et al . Polarization-controlled shared-aperture metasurface for generating a vortex beam with different modes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 2018, 66(12): 7455–7459. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2867028 [127] CHEN M L N, JIANG Lijun, and SHA W E I. Artificial perfect electric conductor-perfect magnetic conductor anisotropic metasurface for generating orbital angular momentum of microwave with nearly perfect conversion efficiency[J]. Journal of Applied Physics , 2016, 119(6): 064506. doi: 10.1063/1.4941696 [128] MENG Xiangshuai, WU Jiaji, WU Zhensen, et al . Generation of multiple beams carrying different orbital angular momentum modes based on anisotropic holographic metasurfaces in the radio-frequency domain[J]. Applied Physics Letters , 2019, 114(9): 093504. doi: 10.1063/1.5087994 [129] MENG Xiangshuai, WU Jiaji, WU Zhensen, et al . Design, fabrication, and measurement of an anisotropic holographic metasurface for generating vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum[J]. Optics Letters , 2019, 44(6): 1452–1455. doi: 10.1364/OL.44.001452 [130] HAN Jiaqi, LI Long, YI Hao, et al . 1-bit digital orbital angular momentum vortex beam generator based on a coding reflective metasurface[J]. Optical Materials Express , 2018, 8(11): 3470–3478. doi: 10.1364/OME.8.003470 [131] HAN Jiaqi, LI Long, YI Hao, et al . Versatile orbital angular momentum vortex beam generator based on reconfigurable reflective metasurface[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics , 2018, 57(12): 120303. doi: 10.7567/JJAP.57.120303 [132] ZHANG Di, CAO Xiangyu, YANG Huanhuan, et al . Radiation performance synthesis for OAM vortex wave generated by reflective metasurface[J]. IEEE Access , 2018, 6: 28691–28701. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2839099 [133] ZHANG Di, CAO Xiangyu, YANG Huanhuan, et al . Multiple OAM vortex beams generation using 1-bit metasurface[J]. Optics Express , 2018, 26(19): 24804–24815. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.024804 [134] ZHANG Di, CAO Xiangyu, GAO Jun, et al . A shared aperture 1 bit metasurface for orbital angular momentum multiplexing[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2019, 18(4): 566–570. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2893492 [135] ZHANG Lei, LIU Shuo, LI Lianlin, et al . Spin-controlled multiple pencil beams and vortex beams with different polarizations generated by pancharatnam-berry coding metasurfaces[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces , 2017, 9(41): 36447–36455. [136] MA Qian, SHI Chuanbo, BAI Guodong, et al . Beam-editing coding metasurfaces based on polarization bit and orbital-angular-momentum-mode bit[J]. Advanced Optical Materials , 2017, 5(23): 1700548. doi: 10.1002/adom.201700548 [137] WU Ruiyuan, ZHANG Lei, BAO Lei, et al . Digital metasurface with phase code and reflection-transmission amplitude code for flexible full-space electromagnetic manipulations[J]. Advanced Optical Materials , 2019, 7(8): 1801429. doi: 10.1002/adom.201801429