Taking Chinese Ashare manufacturing listed companies in 20162020 as the research object, panel data regression model was established, and the impact of their participation in targeted poverty alleviation on corporate financial performance was empirically tested. The study found that the participation of manufacturing listed companies in targeted poverty alleviation could significantly promote the improvement of financial performance. The subsamples analysis results showed that the participation of stateowned enterprises in targeted poverty alleviation could significantly improve financial performance. Finally, some suggestions are to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and improve the assistance mechanism.