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data-event-action="吳振宇醫師" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/expert/richard-chen-yu-wu" href="/expert/richard-chen-yu-wu"><div class="mantine-Indicator-root mantine-1ru0l9l"><div class="mantine-Indicator-indicator mantine-Indicator-common mantine-1ra6z27"><img width="16" src="/images/article-medical.svg" alt=""/></div><div class="mantine-Avatar-root mantine-vj6e3k"><img loading="lazy" class="mantine-9rx0rd mantine-Avatar-image" src="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/308559-150x150.jpg"/></div></div></a><p class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-1kaosqe"><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-11dycjm">醫學審稿：</span> <a data-event-category="Reviewer Name" data-event-action="吳振宇醫師" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/expert/richard-chen-yu-wu" href="/expert/richard-chen-yu-wu"><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-820y73">吳振宇醫師</span></a><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-1kaosqe"> · 泌尿外科</span><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-1kaosqe"> · 義大醫療財團法人義大醫院</span></p></div><hr class="divider"/><div class="author"><p class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-1kaosqe" style="text-align:left"><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-11dycjm">文： <a data-event-category="Author Name" data-event-action="周士閔" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/author/deryck" href="/author/deryck"><span class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Text-root mantine-yqlmkc">周士閔</span></a> · </span>更新日期：2022/01/14</p></div></div></div></div><div style="display:contents"><ul class="sc-bc44c50f-11 eMqsPL article-jumplinks prefont"/></div><div class="mantine-1avyp1d"><div data-hide-ad="true" class="sc-9b65f479-0 kdORKr"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？" sizes="(max-width: 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https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？.jpg?w=3840&amp;q=75 3840w" src="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？.jpg?w=3840&amp;q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/></span></div></div><div style="margin-block:1em"><div class="unique-content-wrapper" style="background:white"><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"> <p><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-stones/kidney-stones/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-stones/kidney-stones/" data-event-action="腎結石" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">腎結石</a>是尿液中的礦物質結晶沈積在腎臟裡，並可能會移動到輸尿管，發作時毫無預期，造成的疼痛常會讓人難以忍受；而腎結石和飲食有很大關聯，主因很可能是平時喝水不足，再加上過度攝取一些腎結石禁忌的飲食，導致罹患腎結石的風險大增，本文將提供一般健康大眾和腎結石患者飲食建議，教你預防或避免腎結石的復發。</p> </div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="article-mobile-ad ad-afterimage mantine-1avyp1d"><div class="sc-6a3b6e65-1 cEdJTc article-mobile-ad ad-afterimage" style="line-height:0;margin:0 auto" data-no-wrapper="true" data-header-bottom="false"><div style="position:relative;width:fit-content;height:fit-content;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-afterimage-69714"/></div></div></div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"/><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><div class="flat-after-first-paragraph"/></div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"> <h2>腎結石飲食原則</h2> <p>腎結石容易復發，所以預防和避免復發絕對勝於治療！而預防腎結石生成的最好方式是多喝水，飲食方面醫師可能會根據不同的結石類型提供不同建議，如果罹患最常見的草酸鈣結石，就應避免富含草酸鹽的食物，並增加含鈣食物的攝取；尿酸結石為另一常見的腎結石種類，患者應避免攝取高普林食物（如：紅肉、內臟、<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/health/general-health-knowledge/beer-and-beer-belly/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/health/general-health-knowledge/beer-and-beer-belly/" data-event-action="啤酒" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">啤酒</a>等酒精飲料等）、減少糖類、紅肉的攝取、增加全穀類、蔬果的攝取，以下統整美國腎臟基金會（<a data-event-label="https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/diet" data-event-action="National Kidney Foundation" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/diet">National Kidney Foundation</a>）提出的幾個飲食原則和建議。（延伸閱讀：<a rel="" href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/how-to-take-care-of-your-urinary-system/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/how-to-take-care-of-your-urinary-system/" data-event-action="不憋尿多喝水防泌尿感染！泌尿系統的保養照顧" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" title="不憋尿多喝水防泌尿感染！泌尿系統的保養照顧">不憋尿多喝水防泌尿感染！泌尿系統的保養照顧</a>）</p> <h3>多喝水、適量補充鈣質防結石</h3> <ul> <li><strong>每日喝水量 2000~3000 c.c. 以上：</strong>水分攝取包括了白開水、咖啡或檸檬汁，而檸檬汁因含檸檬酸，甚至有助於抑制結石生成，不過<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/grape/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/grape/" data-event-action="葡萄" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">葡萄</a>柚汁和汽水應該要避免飲用；每日 2000~3000 c.c. 的水分攝取，稀釋尿液並確保每日尿量在 2.5 公升以上的健康標準。</li> <li><strong>鈣質的攝取：</strong>鈣質能在腸道中和草酸結合並排出，降低草酸的吸收，如果攝取足夠的<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/drugs-supplement/calcium/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/drugs-supplement/calcium/" data-event-action="鈣質" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">鈣質</a>（成人的每日建議量：1000毫克），能降低草酸鈣結石的風險；相對地，飲食中鈣質補充不足，會有利草酸被腸道吸收，造成體內草酸濃度提高，促使結石形成。（延伸閱讀：<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/calcium-rich-foods/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/calcium-rich-foods/" data-event-action="想補鈣別亂吃！主攻這4類食物就對了" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">想補鈣別亂吃！主攻這4類食物就對了</a>）</li> </ul> </div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><div class="percentages-15-of-article"/></div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"> <h2>腎結石4大NG禁忌飲食</h2> <p>腎結石患者應特別注意並限制以下幾種食物的攝取。</p> <h3><strong>1. 高鈉食物傷腎</strong></h3> </div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><div class="percentages-25-of-article"/></div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"> <p>過量的鈉會增加尿液中的鈣沉積，誘發腎結石的形成，而鹽的主要成分是鈉（Sodium），如果飲食鹽分太多，也意味著攝取太多的鈉。另外，日常生活中，白吐司、罐頭食品、速食、即食品、肉類、調味料等都有鈉的蹤跡，因此，建議民眾多注意營養標示上的鈉含量，並可以與營養師討論如何適度攝取鹽分，不僅避免結石，也減輕腎功能負擔、降低<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/kidney-disease/proteinuria-and-urine-protein-symptoms/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/kidney-disease/proteinuria-and-urine-protein-symptoms/" data-event-action="尿蛋白" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">尿蛋白</a>過高的風險。（延伸閱讀：<a rel="" href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/kidney-disease/kidney-disease-and-low-protein-diet/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/kidney-disease/kidney-disease-and-low-protein-diet/" data-event-action="低蛋白飲食還不夠！腎臟病飲食還得注意磷鉀鈉" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" title="低蛋白飲食還不夠！腎臟病飲食還得注意磷鉀鈉">低蛋白飲食還不夠！腎臟病飲食還得注意磷鉀鈉</a>）</p> <p>以下是進行低鈉飲食的小提醒：</p> <ul> <li>外出用餐，以清淡為主，可以請店家少鹽烹調。</li> <li>多在家料理，以天然香料、食材的提味取代鹽分添加。</li> <li>多攝取新鮮食物，少攝取加工食品，例如：罐頭、泡麵、香腸等。</li> <li>多注意食品上的營養標示，食物添加碳酸氫鈉（Sodium Bicarbonate）、小蘇打、膨鬆劑（發粉）、磷酸氫二鈉（Disodium Phosphate）、麩胺酸鈉鹽（Monosodium Glutamate）、味精（MSG）、海藻酸鈉（Sodium Alginate）、硝酸鹽（Sodium Nitrate）或亞硝酸鹽（Sodium Nitrite）應盡量避免選用，以減少鈉的攝取量。</li> </ul> <figure class="wp-caption alignnone" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-176501" id="attachment_176501"><img sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" srcset="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險-650x434.jpg 650w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險-90x60.jpg 90w" height="667" width="1000" alt="購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險" src="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險.jpg" class="size-full wp-image-176501" loading="lazy"/><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-176501">購買前應詳閱營養標示，避免高鈉含量食品，以降低腎結石風險。</figcaption></figure> <h3><strong>2. 高草酸鹽</strong><strong>食物易導致結石</strong></h3> <p>草酸鹽如果和體內鈣質結合草酸鈣沉積，也就是最常見的腎結石種類。草酸鹽（Oxalate）會阻止身體吸收鈣質，因此導致尿液中的鈣含量會升高，如果加上水分攝取不足，就容易造成腎結石，下列是富含草酸的食物，應特別留意：</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/7-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/7-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate/" data-event-action="巧克力" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">巧克力</a></li> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/beet/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/beet/" data-event-action="甜菜" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">甜菜</a></li> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/spinach/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/spinach/" data-event-action="菠菜" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">菠菜</a></li> <li>韭菜</li> <li>芹菜</li> <li>大黃</li> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/health-benefits-of-sweet-potatoes/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/nutrition/health-benefits-of-sweet-potatoes/" data-event-action="地瓜" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">地瓜</a></li> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/benefits-and-types-of-nuts/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/benefits-and-types-of-nuts/" data-event-action="堅果" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">堅果</a>，如核桃、腰果、杏仁</li> <li><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/strawberry/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/strawberry/" data-event-action="草莓" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">草莓</a>、<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/grape/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/herbal-alternatives/herbals/grape/" data-event-action="葡萄" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">葡萄</a></li> <li>濃茶、啤酒</li> </ul> </div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><div class="percentages-59-of-article"/></div></div><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out"><div class="sc-bc44c50f-4 sc-bc44c50f-6 sc-bc44c50f-7 JQnCy iXCGtr bLvFKr body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"> <p><strong>＊補充鈣質應避免富草酸鹽食物：</strong>值得一提的是，如果想補充鈣質時，也應該避免食用以上富含草酸食物；根據食藥署指出，攝取過多草酸食物會影響礦物質的吸收（如：鈣、鎂、鉀等），所以如果想充分攝取鈣質，應避免同時食用富含草酸的食物，才能使吃進去的鈣充分利用，不致使鈣質缺乏。</p> <h3><strong>3. 避開高動物性蛋白飲食</strong></h3> <p>體內過多的尿酸與過少的檸檬酸鹽（Citrate）會增加腎結石的風險，攝取過多的動物蛋白質會增加尿液中鈣質、尿酸鹽和草酸的排泄，並減少檸檬酸鹽的排泄，對結石患者有不利的影響。建議與營養師討論，如何適度攝取動物性蛋白，如肉類、蛋、奶及乳製品等，來補充身體營養的同時，也能避免過量攝取。</p> <h3>4. 避免補充過量維生素C</h3> <p>青少年及成人每日建議<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/drugs-supplement/vitamin-c/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/drugs-supplement/vitamin-c/" data-event-action="維生素C" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">維生素C</a>攝取量約為100毫克。每日超過1000毫克的維他命C攝取，可能會在體內生成更多的草酸，提高<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-stones/" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-stones/" data-event-action="尿路結石" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article">尿路結石</a>的風險。然而，要從正常飲食中攝取過量維他命C相當困難，但如果長期額外補充口服維他命C就應小心攝取過量和導致結石的風險。</p> <p><img height="640" width="640" alt="腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發怎麼吃？" srcset="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-300x300.jpg 300w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-60x60.jpg 60w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-45x45.jpg 45w, https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-467x467.jpg 467w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://cdn.helloyishi.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/腎結石飲食禁忌與建議｜預防結石、避免復發要吃什麼？-1024x1024.jpg" class="alignnone wp-image-161854 size-large" loading="lazy"/></p> <h2>腎結石常見迷思：菠菜豆腐不能一起吃？</h2> <p>「菠菜和豆腐共食導致腎結石」是很常見的迷思，根據<a data-event-label="https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=127&amp;pid=8884" data-event-action="衛福部" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=127&amp;pid=8884">衛福部</a>的闢謠說明，菠菜的草酸與豆腐分解出的草酸及鈣質，會在腸道結合成草酸鈣，形成的草酸鈣不會被腸道吸收，反而會形成糞石後隨著糞便排出，所以也不會跑到腎臟，因此，<strong>菠菜豆腐一起吃反而能避免結石問題</strong>。</p> <p class="end-of-article">衛福部更建議，在攝取含有草酸的食物，反而要同時攝取鈣質，才能提高草酸和鈣離子在腸道結合的機會以減少草酸的吸收，進而降低草酸鈣結石的風險。</p> <p>（圖片授權：達志影像） </p> <p/></div></div></div><div class="unique-content-wrapper" style="background:white"><div class="unique-content " data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 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