^1. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing 210008
^2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
^3. Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330200

摘要： 【目的】 研究长期不同施肥处理下,水稻不同生育时期土壤微生物量磷的动态变化与差异,揭示其变化特征与土壤磷素供应的关系。 【方法】 以长期试验小区为平台,设置对照（CK）、氮钾肥（NK）、氮磷肥（NP）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）等4个不同施肥处理,在水稻的分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期、完熟期分别采集0—20 cm土层土壤,测定土壤全磷、有效磷、微生物量磷和酸性磷酸酶活性。 【结果】 与不施磷肥处理（CK、NK）相比,施磷肥处理（NP、NPK）显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,增幅分别达88%—118%和337%—903%。不同施肥处理对微生物量磷具有显著影响,除分蘖期外,施磷肥处理（NP、NPK）微生物量磷含量显著高于不施磷肥处理（CK、NK）,提高了103%—250%;微生物量磷的季节变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,在灌浆期达到最高。酸性磷酸酶活性以NK处理灌浆期最高,比CK高38%;同时,该处理微生物量磷的周转率最大,每个生育期内可循环1.31次。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物量磷与土壤全磷和有效磷显著正相关。 【结论】 微生物量磷随不同施肥处理和水稻生育时期变化规律明显,与土壤磷有效性密切相关。

Abstract: 【Objective】 The seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in paddy soils under long-term different fertilization treatments were studied to reveal the relationship between the variation characteristics and soil phosphorus supply. 【Method】 Taking the long-term experimental plot as a platform, four different fertilization treatments, including CK, NK, NP and NPK, were set up to collect 0-20 cm soil layer at tillering stage, booting stage, filling stage and full ripe stage of rice, respectively, and to determine soil total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and MBP. 【Result】 Compared with CK and NK treatments, NP and NPK treatments significantly increased the contents of TP and AP in soil, with an increase of 88%-118% and 337%-903%, respectively. MBP was significantly affected by fertilization treatment, and was significantly higher in phosphate fertilization treatment than in non-phosphate fertilization treatment, NP and NPK treatments increased 103%-250% in the whole growth period (except tillering stage) compared with CK and NK treatments; seasonal variation of MBP showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and reached the highest level in the filling stage of rice in all fertilization treatments. The activity of acid phosphatase in NK treatment was the highest at grain filling stage, 38% higher than that under CK. At the same time, the turnover rate of microbial biomass phosphorus under this treatment was the highest, which could be recycled 1.31 times in the whole growth period. The correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass P was positively correlated with soil total P and available P. 【Conclusion】 The variation of microbial biomass phosphorus with different fertilization treatments and rice growth period was obvious, which was closely related to soil phosphorus availability.

Key words: long-term fertilization, phosphorus fertilizer, microbial biomass phosphorus, paddy soil, growth period

刘凯,刘佳,陈晓芬,李委涛,江春玉,吴萌,樊剑波,李忠佩,刘明. 长期施用磷肥水稻土微生物量磷的季节变化特征与差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(7): 1411-1418.

Kai LIU,Jia LIU,XiaoFen CHEN,WeiTao LI,ChunYu JIANG,Meng WU,JianBo FAN,ZhongPei LI,Ming LIU. Seasonal Variation and Differences of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1411-1418.

不同施肥处理和不同生育时期对土壤全磷、有效磷、酸性磷酸酶和微生物量磷影响的主体间效应检验"

来源 Source	因变量 Dependent variable	自由度 DF	F 值 F value	P 值 P value
施肥处理 Fertilization （F）	土壤全磷TP	3	166	<0.01
	土壤有效磷AP	3	276	<0.01
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	3	5.22	<0.01
	微生物量磷MBP	3	127	<0.01
生育时期 Growth period （G）	土壤全磷TP	3	2.52	0.075
	土壤有效磷AP	3	4.91	<0.01
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	3	7.39	<0.01
	微生物量磷MBP	3	215	<0.01
施肥处理×生育时期 F×G	土壤全磷TP	9	0.715	0.691
	土壤有效磷AP	9	2.19	0.050
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	9	2.57	<0.05
	微生物量磷MBP	9	23.4	<0.01

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