摘要： 在全球推进碳减排的背景下，越来越多的国家采用碳定价工具，通过经济手段对碳排放行为进行管理和引导。国际碳定价机制的覆盖范围不断扩大，碳价格水平和碳定价收入大幅上涨，但国际平均碳价格仍远低于实现《巴黎协定》温控目标所需水平，且发展不均衡问题突出，碳定价机制覆盖区域仍以欧美国家为主，发达国家与发展中国家间碳定价收入存在巨大差异。随着全球气候治理加速，国际碳定价机制呈现强化发展趋势，数量稳步增长，价格水平呈波浪式螺旋上升。发展中国家加速发展碳排放交易市场和碳税机制，但短期内与发达国家间的差距难以弥合。发达国家加速建设碳边界调节机制，但前景和效果面临较大不确定性。在此情况下，当前碳定价机制对油气行业的影响较为有限，资源国也倾向于采取科学合理的税收设计达到平衡减碳与自身发展利益的目的。未来碳价格影响趋于加强，将加速推动油气行业低碳转型。建议在政府层面加强国家政策导向，扩大碳排放交易市场覆盖范围，构建碳排放量核算体系，合理规划总体税收设计；在行业层面，高度重视碳排放交易对行业的影响，加强研发创新力度促进碳减排，紧密跟踪境外资源国碳定价机制发展趋势，积极应对海外投资项目碳价格风险。

Abstract: In the context of promoting carbon emission reduction globally, more and more countries adopt carbon pricing tools to manage and guide carbon emission behavior through economic means. The scope of the international carbon pricing mechanism has expanded continuously, and the carbon price level and the carbon pricing income have risen significantly. However, the international carbon price level is still far below that achieving the temperature control goal in the “Paris Agreement”, and the problem of unbalanced regional development is prominent, showing that the carbon pricing mechanism is mainly implemented in European and American countries, and there is a huge gap in carbon pricing income between developed countries and developing countries. Associated with the acceleration of global climate governance,the international carbon pricing mechanism shows a strengthened trend, with steady growth in quantity and a wave like spiral rise in price level. Although developing countries have accelerated the development of emission trading system and carbon tax, it is difficult to bridge the huge gap between developing and developed countries in the short term. While developed countries have accelerated the construction of carbon border adjustment mechanism, but there is a great uncertainty in the prospects and effects. Under this circumstance, the current carbon pricing mechanism has a relatively limited impact on the petroleum industry, and resource countries prefer to adopt scientific and rational tax design to balance carbon reduction and their own development interests. The development of the international carbon pricing mechanism will promote the low-carbon transition of the petroleum industry in the future. In terms of the government level, it is suggested to strengthen national policy guidance, expand the scope of carbon trading market, build a carbon emission accounting system, as well as reasonably design the tax system.At the industry level, the impact of carbon trading on the petroleum industry should highly be attached, R&D innovation should vigorously be strengthened to promote carbon emission reduction, and the development trend of carbon pricing mechanism of foreign resource countries should closely be tracked, to actively manage carbon price risks of overseas investment projects.

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