Bootstrap scripts allow you to install and configure components in Azure HDInsight programmatically.

There are three approaches to set configuration file settings as your HDInsight cluster is created:

For example, using these programmatic methods, you can configure options in these files:

For information on installing more components on HDInsight cluster during the creation time, see Customize HDInsight clusters using Script Action (Linux) .

Prerequisites

Use Azure PowerShell

The following PowerShell code customizes an Apache Hive configuration:

Important

The parameter Spark2Defaults may need to be used with Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue . You can pass empty values to the parameter as shown in the following code example.

# hive-site.xml configuration
$hiveConfigValues = @{ "hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout"="90s" }
$config = New-AzHDInsightClusterConfig `
         -ClusterType "Spark"  `
    | Set-AzHDInsightDefaultStorage `
        -StorageAccountResourceId "$storageAccountResourceId" `
        -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey `
    | Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue `
        -HiveSite $hiveConfigValues `
        -Spark2Defaults @{}
New-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName `
    -Location $location `
    -ClusterSizeInNodes 2 `
    -Version "4.0" `
    -HttpCredential $httpCredential `
    -SshCredential $sshCredential `
    -Config $config
A complete working PowerShell script can be found in Appendix.
To verify the change:
Navigate to https://CLUSTERNAME.azurehdinsight.cn/ where CLUSTERNAME is the name of your cluster.
From the left menu,  navigate to Hive > Configs > Advanced.
Expand Advanced hive-site.
Locate hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout and confirm the value is 90s.
Some more samples on customizing other configuration files:
# hdfs-site.xml configuration
$HdfsConfigValues = @{ "dfs.blocksize"="64m" } #default is 128MB in HDI 3.0 and 256MB in HDI 2.1
# core-site.xml configuration
$CoreConfigValues = @{ "ipc.client.connect.max.retries"="60" } #default 50
# mapred-site.xml configuration
$MapRedConfigValues = @{ "mapreduce.task.timeout"="1200000" } #default 600000
# oozie-site.xml configuration
$OozieConfigValues = @{ "oozie.service.coord.normal.default.timeout"="150" }  # default 120
Use .NET SDK
See Azure HDInsight SDK for .NET.
Use Resource Manager template
You can use bootstrap in Resource Manager template:
"configurations": {
    "hive-site": {
        "hive.metastore.client.connect.retry.delay": "5",
        "hive.execution.engine": "mr",
        "hive.security.authorization.manager": "org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.security.authorization.DefaultHiveAuthorizationProvider"
Sample Resource Manager template snippet to switch configuration in spark2-defaults to periodically clean-up event logs from storage.
"configurations": {
    "spark2-defaults": {
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.enabled": "true",
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.interval": "7d",
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.maxAge": "90d"
See also
Create Apache Hadoop clusters in HDInsight provides instructions on how to create an HDInsight cluster by using other custom options.
Develop Script Action scripts for HDInsight
Install and use Apache Spark on HDInsight clusters
Install and use Apache Giraph on HDInsight clusters.
Appendix: PowerShell sample
This PowerShell script creates an HDInsight cluster and customizes a Hive setting. Be sure to enter values for $nameToken, $httpPassword, and $sshPassword.
####################################
# Service names and variables
####################################
$nameToken = "<ENTER AN ALIAS>"
$namePrefix = $nameToken.ToLower() + (Get-Date -Format "MMdd")
$resourceGroupName = $namePrefix + "rg"
$hdinsightClusterName = $namePrefix + "hdi"
$defaultStorageAccountName = $namePrefix + "store"
$defaultBlobContainerName = $hdinsightClusterName
$location = "China East"
####################################
# Connect to Azure
####################################
Write-Host "Connecting to your Azure subscription ..." -ForegroundColor Green
$sub = Get-AzSubscription -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if(-not($sub))
    Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud
# If you have multiple subscriptions, set the one to use
#$context = Get-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId "<subscriptionID>"
#Set-AzContext $context
####################################
# Create a resource group
####################################
Write-Host "Creating a resource group ..." -ForegroundColor Green
New-AzResourceGroup `
    -Name  $resourceGroupName `
    -Location $location
####################################
# Create a storage account and container
####################################
Write-Host "Creating the default storage account and default blob container ..."  -ForegroundColor Green
New-AzStorageAccount `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -Name $defaultStorageAccountName `
    -Location $location `
    -SkuName Standard_LRS `
    -Kind StorageV2 `
    -EnableHttpsTrafficOnly 1
$defaultStorageAccountKey = (Get-AzStorageAccountKey `
                                -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
                                -Name $defaultStorageAccountName)[0].Value
$defaultStorageContext = New-AzStorageContext `
                                -StorageAccountName $defaultStorageAccountName `
                                -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey
New-AzStorageContainer `
    -Name $defaultBlobContainerName `
    -Context $defaultStorageContext #use the cluster name as the container name
####################################
# Create a configuration object
####################################
$hiveConfigValues = @{"hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout"="90s"}
$storageAccountResourceId = (Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName ` -Name $defaultStorageAccountName).Id
$config = New-AzHDInsightClusterConfig `
          -ClusterType "Spark"  `
    | Set-AzHDInsightDefaultStorage `
        -StorageAccountResourceId "$storageAccountResourceId" `
        -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey `
    | Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue `
        -HiveSite $hiveConfigValues `
		-Spark2Defaults @{}
####################################
# Set Ambari admin username/password
####################################
$httpUserName = "admin"  #HDInsight cluster username
$httpPassword = '<ENTER A PASSWORD>'
$httpPW = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $httpPassword -AsPlainText -Force
$httpCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($httpUserName,$httpPW)
####################################
# Set ssh username/password
####################################
$sshUserName = "sshuser" #HDInsight ssh user name
$sshPassword = '<ENTER A PASSWORD>'
$sshPW = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $sshPassword -AsPlainText -Force
$sshCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($sshUserName,$sshPW)
####################################
# Create an HDInsight cluster
####################################
New-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName `
    -Location $location `
    -ClusterSizeInNodes 2 `
    -Version "4.0" `
    -HttpCredential $httpCredential `
    -SshCredential $sshCredential `
    -Config $config
####################################
# Verify the cluster
####################################
Get-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName