引用本文: 赵春燕, 胡松梅, 杨苗苗, 郭小宁, 杨曈. 陕北贾大峁遗址出土动物遗骸的锶同位素比值分析[J]. 第四纪研究, 2022, 42(1): 59-68. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2022.01.05 赵春燕, 胡松梅, 杨苗苗, 郭小宁, 杨曈. 陕北贾大峁遗址出土动物遗骸的锶同位素比值分析[J]. 第四纪研究, 2022, 42(1): 59-68. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2022.01.05 ZHAO Chunyan, HU Songmei, YANG Miaomiao, GUO Xiaoning, YANG Tong. Analysis of strontium isotope ratio of animal remains from the Jiadamao site in northern Shaanxi area[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2022, 42(1): 59-68. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2022.01.05 Citation: ZHAO Chunyan, HU Songmei, YANG Miaomiao, GUO Xiaoning, YANG Tong. Analysis of strontium isotope ratio of animal remains from the Jiadamao site in northern Shaanxi area[J]. Quaternary Sciences , 2022, 42(1): 59-68. doi: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2022.01.05

史前时期动物驯养技术的跨大陆交流与传播是令人瞩目的前沿课题。陕北地区位于欧亚草原早期青铜文化和中原地区古代文化交汇碰撞的前沿地带。贾大峁遗址位于陕西省横山县, 年代为距今约4500~4300年的龙山早期。作为陕北地区目前发现的最早出现牛和羊的考古遗址之一, 牛和羊是当地驯养抑或外来的, 是值得我们探讨的问题。本文通过热电离质谱分析方法对贾大峁遗址出土的猪、绵羊和普通牛等动物骨骼和牙釉质的锶同位素比值进行了测定。研究结果表明, 8个猪牙釉质的锶同位素比值的平均值为0.711049, 将该平均值加或减2倍标准偏差得到遗址当地的生物可利用锶同位素比值范围在0.711245~0.710853之间。据此范围推测贾大峁遗址出土的绵羊可能存在外来个体。

贾大峁遗址 Abstract:

The transcontinental exchange and dissemination of animal domestication technology in prehistoric Eurasia is a frontier subject that attracts attention. Northern Shaanxi area is located in the front area where the early bronze culture of the Eurasian grassland and the ancient culture of the Central Plains meet and collide. The Jiadamao site(37.923°N, 109.29°E) is located in Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province, dating back to the early Longshan period about 4500~4300 years ago. As one of the earliest archaeological sites where cattle and sheep have been discovered in northern Shaanxi, whether cattle and sheep are domesticated or foreign is a question worthy of our discussion.

Hence, there are two purposes for measuring strontium isotopes in tooth enamel and bone from archaeological animals: to characterize the mobility of different species of interest, and to find the species the best represents the local signature of the site so that we can better interpret our results from animal skeletons. Tooth Enamel and bone samples from 16 domestic animals individuals were analyzed for strontium isotope ratio( ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr), by the thermal ionization mass spectrometry, including 8 pigs, 6sheep/goat and 2 cattle. Since Neolithic times, pigs have lived locally around farming settlements, often feed on human garbage and waste and thus might consume a diet similar to the humans. Domestic pigs may often be a good species to use to define the local ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr range for humans or other animals. The range of the bioavailable strontium ratios of the Jadamao site was established using the mean of pig enamel samples strontium isotope ratios to plus or minus 2 times standard deviation.

As results shows, the mean ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr ratios of 8 pig enamel samples were 0.711049, According to the bioavailable local strontium isotopes ratio range determined by the mean ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr ratios ±2 s. d. of 8 pig enamel samples(0.711245~0.710853), we find out that 1 sheep from the Jadamao site fell outside the local strontium isotopes ratio range and were considered to be non-local.

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