马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

温岭方言和普通话一样, 感叹范畴的表达有词汇、语法和语用手段, 其中语法手段是本质的和必有的。词汇手段主要是使用副词、代词和叹词作感叹标记;语法手段表现为添加语气词或零形式、重复句子和倒装语序;语用手段则是使用其他句类形式来表达感叹。温岭方言和普通话感叹范畴标记手段的主要差异表现在具体标记的形式、线性顺序等方面。从跨语言角度来看, 温岭方言、普通话与日语、韩语都属于wh-词原位语言, 感叹表达主要使用添加手段,但在有疑问代词或副词作感叹标记时表达方式则会有所不同。温岭方言中后置副词“显”作状语成分, 表达感叹范畴时有着至少三种不同于普通话语序的句式。“显”的具体表现与其句法特点、来源和演变有关.

Abstract

Wenling dialect, like Mandarin, uses vocabulary, grammar and pragmatic means to express the category of exclamation, among which grammatical means are essential. Lexical means mainly use adverbs, pronouns and interjections as exclamation marks; grammatical means include adding modal particles or zero forms, repeating sentences and word order inversion; and pragmatic means use other sentence categories to express exclamation. The main differences between Wenling and Mandarin exclamation category marking methods are in the form and linear order of specific marking. From a cross-language perspective, Wenling dialect, Mandarin, Japanese and Korean are all wh-word in-situ languages. The expression of exclamation mainly uses addition means, but when there are interrogative pronouns or adverbs such as exclamation marks, the expression will be different. In Wenling dialect, the postpositional adverb xian (显) is used as an adverbial component, with at least three sentence patterns different from the order of ordinary speech used when expressing the category of exclamation. The specific performance of xian (显) is related to its syntactic characteristics, origin and evolution.

关键词: 温岭方言 ; 感叹范畴 ; 标记 ; “显”

Corresponding author: 马宏程 (Hongcheng Ma) , Chinese School of Zhejiang International Studies University , Hangzhou , China , E-mail:

About the authors

马宏程
马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

熊雯 , 博士, 浙江科技学院人文学院讲师, 研究兴趣为汉语方言、汉语国际传播等。 Wen Xiong is a Lecturer at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. She received her PhD in Chinese International Education from Central China Normal University in 2012. Her research focuses on areas such as Chinese dialectology and Chinese international communication.

赵佳鑫 , 浙江外国语学院中文学院汉语言文学专业学生。 Jiaxin Zhao is a student at the School of Chinese Studies at Zhejiang International Studies University.

马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

熊雯 , 博士, 浙江科技学院人文学院讲师, 研究兴趣为汉语方言、汉语国际传播等。 Wen Xiong is a Lecturer at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. She received her PhD in Chinese International Education from Central China Normal University in 2012. Her research focuses on areas such as Chinese dialectology and Chinese international communication.

赵佳鑫 , 浙江外国语学院中文学院汉语言文学专业学生。 Jiaxin Zhao is a student at the School of Chinese Studies at Zhejiang International Studies University.

马宏程 , 博士, 浙江外国语学院中文学院教授, 硕士生导师, 研究兴趣为理论语言学、汉语国际传播等。 Hongcheng Ma is a Professor at Zhejiang International Studies University and a master supervisor at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Central China Normal University in 2009. His research focuses on areas such as theoretical linguistics and Chinese international communication.

熊雯 , 博士, 浙江科技学院人文学院讲师, 研究兴趣为汉语方言、汉语国际传播等。 Wen Xiong is a Lecturer at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. She received her PhD in Chinese International Education from Central China Normal University in 2012. Her research focuses on areas such as Chinese dialectology and Chinese international communication.

赵佳鑫 , 浙江外国语学院中文学院汉语言文学专业学生。 Jiaxin Zhao is a student at the School of Chinese Studies at Zhejiang International Studies University.

致谢 (Acknowledgements)

感谢期刊编辑部和匿名审稿人的宝贵指导意见, 文中谬误概由笔者负责。

参考文献 (References)

Akatsuka, Noriko. 1985. Conditionals and the epistemic scale. Language 61(3). 625–639. 10.2307/414388 Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Zhenyu & Ying Zhang (陈振宇, 张莹). 2018. Zai lun gantan de dingyi yu xingzhi [再论感叹的定义与性质On the definition and nature of exclamation again]. In: Yufa Yanjiu he Tansuo (19) [《语法研究和探索》(十九) Grammar Research and Exploration ] 19. 303–324. Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The minimalist program . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

Cui, Shanjia (崔山佳). 2006. Fangyan zhong jige bijiao teshu de xingrongci chongdie xingshi [方言中几个比较特殊的形容词重叠形式 On overlapping forms of several relatively special adjectives in dialect]. Taizhou Xueyuan Xuebao [《台州学院学报》Journal of Taizhou University ]. 28(1). 43–45. Search in Google Scholar

Du, Daoliu (杜道流). 2005. Xiandai Hanyu gantanju yanjiu [《现代汉语感叹句研究》A study of exclamatory sentences in modern Chinese] . Hefei: Anhui University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Elliott, Dale E. 1974. Toward a grammar of exclamations. Foundations of Language 11(2). 231–246. Search in Google Scholar

Fu, Zuozhi & Jingwang Huang (傅佐之, 黄敬旺). 1982. Wenzhou fangyan de biao chengdu yusu “xian” [温州方言的表程度语素 “显” The degree morpheme “xian” in Wenzhou dialect]. Wenzhou Shizhuan Xuebao (shehui kexue ban) [《温州师专学报(社会科学版)》 Journal of Wenzhou Teachers College (Social Science Edition)] . (2). 130–141. Search in Google Scholar

Guo, Rui (郭锐). 2002. Xiandai Hanyu cilei yanjiu [《现代汉语词类研究》A study of modern Chinese word classes] . Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Huang, Borong (黄伯荣). 1996. Hanyu fangyan yufa lei bian [《汉语方言语法类编》Grammar classification of Chinese dialects] . Qingdao: Qingdao Press. Search in Google Scholar

Li, Chengjun (李成军). 2005a. Xiandai hanyu gantan ju yanjiu [《现代汉语感叹句研究》A study of exclamatory sentences in modern Chinese] . Wuhan: Wuhan University dissertation. Search in Google Scholar

Li, Jie (李杰). 2005b. Xiandai Hanyu yuqi fuci zhuangyu de qishi he gantan gongneng [现代汉语语气副词状语的祈使和感叹功能 The imperative and exclamatory functions of adverbials of mood adverbs in modern Chinese]. Ningxia Daxue Xuebao (renwen shehui kexue ban) [《宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 Journal of Ningxia University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)] 27(4). 57–60. Search in Google Scholar

Li, Jinxi (黎锦熙). 2007 [1924]. Xin zhu guoyu wenfa [《新著国语文法》The new Chinese grammar] . Changsha: Hunan Education Press. Search in Google Scholar

Li, Ying (李莹). 2008. Gantan ju biaoji shouduan de kua yuyan bijiao [感叹句标记手段的跨语言比较 Cross-linguistic comparison of exclamation markers]. Hanyu Xuebao [《汉语学报》Chinese Linguistics ] (3). 73–81. Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Bin & Yulin, Yuan (刘彬, 袁毓林). 2020. Yiwen yu gantan de xianguanxing jiqi zhuanhua jizhi [疑问与感叹的相关性及其转化机制 On the relevance of question to exclamation and the transformation mechanism]. Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue [《世界汉语教学》Chinese Teaching in the World] 34(1). 44–54. Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Ningsheng (刘宁生). 1987. Tanci yanjiu [叹词研究 Research on interjection]. Nanjing shifan daxue xuebao [《南京师范大学报》Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science Edition)] . (3). 49–55. Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Danqin (刘丹青). 2011. Tanci de benzhi-daijuci [叹词的本质—代句词 The nature of interjections: Pro-sentences]. Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue [《世界汉语教学》Chinese Teaching in the World] 25(2). 147–158. Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Zhen (柳真). 2020. Xiandai hanyu gantan ju biaoda yanjiu [《现代汉语感叹表达研究》A study on the exclamatory expressions in modern Chinese] . Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University dissertation. Search in Google Scholar

Lü, Shuxiang (吕叔湘). 1982 [1944]. Zhongguo wenfa yaolüe [《中国文法要略》An outline of Chinese grammar] . Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Lü, Shuxiang (吕叔湘). 1999 [1980]. Xiandai hanyu babai ci [《现代汉语八百词》 (增订本)800 Words in modern Chinese (revised edition)]. Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Luo, Binbin (罗彬彬). 2019. Cong yiwen dao gantan: “zenme zheme X” goushi de gongyong yu chengyin [从疑问到感叹: “怎么这么X”构式的功用与成因 From interrogation to exclamation: The functions and generation of “zenme zheme X”]. Liyun Yuyan Xuekan [《励耘语言学刊》Academic Journal of LIYUN (Language Volume) ] (2). 206–218. Search in Google Scholar

Ma, Hongcheng & Wen, Xiong (马宏程, 熊雯). 2019. Quanju gongneng fanchou jufa shixian zhong de juwei weizhi [全句功能范畴句法实现中的句尾位置]. Huazhong Xueshu [《华中学术》] (3). 132–140. Search in Google Scholar

Ma, Jianzhong (马建忠). 1983 [1898]. Mashi wentong [《马氏文通》Ma’s grammar] . Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Ma, Qinghua (马清华). 2011. Lun tanci xingyi guanxi de yuanshixing [论叹词形义关系的原始性 A study toward the primitiveness of the relationship between interjection’s form and meaning]. Yuyan Kexue [《语言科学》Linguistic Sciences] 10(5). 482–496. Search in Google Scholar

Ma, Hongcheng (马宏程). 2014. Fouding biaoji de jufa weizhi ji xiangguan wenti kaocha [《否定标记的句法位置及相关问题考察》The syntactic position of negative markers and related issues] . Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. Search in Google Scholar

Mei, Deming (梅德明). 2008. Xiandai Ju Faxue [《现代句法学》Modern syntax] . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Search in Google Scholar

Meng, Yanli (孟艳丽). 2015. “Zheme” de zhuguanxing jiqi chengyin—jian tan “zheme” de cilei xingzhi [“这么”的主观性及其成因——兼谈 “这么”的词类性质]. Dui wai hanyu yanjiu [《对外汉语研究》Research on Chinese as a Second Language] (2). 28–35. Search in Google Scholar

Pan, Wuyun (潘悟云). 1995. Wen and Chu fangyan he Minyu [温、处方言和闽语 Wen and Chu dialect and Min dialect]. In: Wuyu he Minyu de bijiao yanjiu [《吴语和闽语的比较研究》A comparative study of Wu and Min dialects] . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Search in Google Scholar

Peng, Lizhen (彭利贞). 2007. Xiandai hanyu qingtai yanjiu [《现代汉语情态研究》Modality in modern Chinese] . Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. Search in Google Scholar

Qi, Huyang (齐沪扬). 2002. Qingtai yuqi fanchou Zhong yuqici de gongneng fenxi [情态语气范畴中语气词的功能分析 Analysis of the function of modal particles in modal category]. Nanjing shifandaxue wenxueyuan xuebao [《南京师范大学文学院学报》Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University] (3). 141–152. Search in Google Scholar

Ruan, Yongmei (阮咏梅). 2012. Zhejiang Wenling fangyan yanjiu [《浙江温岭方言研究》Study on Wenling dialect in Zhejiang province] . Suzhou: Suzhou University dissertation. Search in Google Scholar

Shao, Jingmin (邵敬敏). 1996. Xiandai hanyu yiwenju yanjiu [《现代汉语疑问句研究》Modern Chinese interrogative sentence research] . Shanghai: East China Normal University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Shi, Yuzhi (石毓智). 2004. Yiwen he gantan zhi renzhi guanxi—han ying gantanju de gongxing yu gexing [疑问和感叹之认知关系—汉英感叹句的共性与个性 The cognitive relationship between question and exclamation – the commonness and individuality of Chinese and English exclamation sentences]. Waiyu Yanjiu [《外语研究》Foreign Languages Research] (6). 1–8. Search in Google Scholar

Tai, James H-Y. 1993. Iconicity: Motivations in Chinese grammar. In Mushira Eid and Gregory Iverson (eds.) Principles and prediction: The analysis of natural language , 153–174. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. 10.1075/cilt.98.14tai Search in Google Scholar

Tang, Yanling & Yuzhi Shi (唐燕玲, 石毓智). 2009. Yiwen he jiaodianzhi guanxi [疑问和焦点之关系Relationship between question and focus]. Waiguoyu [《外国语》Journal of Foreign Languages] 32(1). 51–57. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Huayun & Shuzhen Jiang (汪化云, 姜淑珍). 2020. Wuyu zhong de hou zhi fuci zhuangyu [吴语中的后置副词状语On postverbal adverbials in Wu dialects]. Zhongguo yuwen [《中国语文》Studies of the Chinese language] (2). 175–187. 10.32629/jief.v2i9.1833 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Hongmei (王洪梅). 1994. Hanyu gantanju [《汉语感叹句》 Chinese exclamatory sentences] . Xuzhou: Xuzhou Normal University MA thesis. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Wensheng (王文胜). 2003. Wuyu Suichanghua de houzhi chengfen “xian” [吴语遂昌话的后置成分 “险” The postpositional component “xian” of Suichang dialect in Wu dialect]. Lishui Shifan Zhuanke Xuexiao Xuebao [《丽水师范专科学校学报》Journal of Lishui Teachers College] . 25(1). 33–35. Search in Google Scholar

Xing, Fuyi & Zhenguo Wu (邢福义, 吴振国). 2002. Yuyanxue gailun [《语言学概论》Introduction to linguistics] . Wuhan: Central China Normal University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Xu, Jie (徐杰). 1987. Juzi de gongneng fenlei he xiangguan biaodian de shiyong [句子的功能分类和相关标点的使用 Functional classification of sentences and use of related punctuation]. Hanyu Xuexi [《汉语学习》Chinese Language Learning ] (1). 7–10. Search in Google Scholar

Xu, Jie (徐杰). 2005. Juzi de san ge mingan weizhi yu juzi de yiwen fanchou – kua yuyan de leixing bijiao [句子的三个敏感位置与句子的疑问范畴—跨语言的类型比较 Three sensitive positions in a sentence and question – across-linguistic perspective]. In: Shan Zhouyao and Jingguang Lu (单周尧, 陆镜光编) (eds.), Yuyan Wenzi Xue Yanjiu [《语言文字学研究》Research on linguistics and philology ], 223–234. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. Search in Google Scholar

Yan, Yiming (颜逸明). 2000. Zhe nan Ouyu [《浙南瓯语》Ou dialect in southern Zhejiang] . Shanghai: East China Normal University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Yang, Na (杨娜). 2014. Yiwen daici gantan gongneng de yuyan leixing chayi [疑问代词感叹功能的语言类型差异 Typological difference of exclamatory usage of interrogative pronouns]. Tianjin Daxue Xuebao (shehui kexue ban) [《天津大学学报(社会科学版) Journal of Tianjin University (Social Sciences)] 16(6). 548–552. Search in Google Scholar

Zanuttini, Raffaella & Paul, Portner. 2001. Exclamative clauses at the syntax-semantics interface. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 24. 1–46. 10.21248/zaspil.24.2001.126 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Jing (张静). 1980. Xin bian xiandai hanyu [《新编现代汉语》] . Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press. Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Jie (张洁). 2009. Wenzhou fangyanci “xian” de yufa·yuyi yanjiu [温州方言词 “显”的语法·语义研究 Grammatical and semantic study on lexical “xian” in Wenzhou dialect]. Beijing Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao [《北京教育学院学报》 Journal of Beijing Institute of Education ] 23(6). 51–57. Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Xueyan (张雪燕). 2018. Zhuguan pingjia goushi “zenme zheme X” yanjiu [主观评价构式 “怎么这么X”研究 Research on subjective evaluation construction “zenme zheme X”]. Ningxia Daxue Xuebao (renwen shehui kexue ban) [《宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)》Journal of Ningxia University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)] 40(1-2). 25–29. Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Biji (周毕吉). 2015. Xiaoju zhongshu shidian xia de xiandai hanyu gantanju yanjiu [《小句中枢视点下的现代汉语感叹句研究》A research on modern Chinese exclamatory sentences from the theoretical perspective of clausal pivot] . Guangzhou: World Book Publishing Guangdong Co., Ltd. Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, Dexi (朱德熙). 1982. Yufa jiangyi [《语法讲义》The lectures of grammar] . Beijing: The Commercial Press. Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, Xiaoya (朱晓亚). 1994. Xiandai hanyu gantanju chutan [现代汉语感叹句初探 A preliminary study of exclamatory sentences in modern Chinese] . Xuzhou Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao [《徐州师范学院学报》Journal of Xuzhou Normal University] (2). 124–127. Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-06-02
Published in Print: 2022-05-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

, (Hongcheng Ma), , (Wen Xiong) and , (Jiaxin Zhao). "温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题" Chinese as a Second Language Research , vol. 11, no. 1, 2022, pp. 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2022-0004
, (., , (. & , (. (2022). 温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题. Chinese as a Second Language Research , 11 (1), 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2022-0004
, (., , (. and , (. (2022) 温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题. Chinese as a Second Language Research, Vol. 11 (Issue 1), pp. 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2022-0004
, (Hongcheng Ma), , (Wen Xiong) and , (Jiaxin Zhao). "温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题" Chinese as a Second Language Research 11, no. 1 (2022): 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2022-0004
(, (, (. 温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题. Chinese as a Second Language Research . 2022;11(1): 91-116. https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2022-0004
Download: BibTeX EndNote