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Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020 Oct 20; 40(10): 1488–1492.
PMCID: PMC7606236

Language: Chinese | English

医用臭氧油防治索拉非尼所致手足皮肤反应:91例随机对照临床试验

Effect of ozone oil for prevention and treatment of sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reactions: a randomized controlled trial

陈 晓薇

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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江 一越

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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张 颖

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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戴 文聪

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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樊 蓉

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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翁 勰

南方医科大学中西医结合医院肿瘤中心,广东 广州, Cancer Center, Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China

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贺 鹏

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

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晏 菲菲

南方医科大学中西医结合医院肿瘤中心,广东 广州, Cancer Center, Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China

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郭 亚兵

南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 南方医科大学南方医院感染内科肝脏肿瘤中心,广东 广州 510515, Liver Cancer Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 南方医科大学中西医结合医院肿瘤中心,广东 广州, Cancer Center, Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China a Pearson χ 2 test, b Fisher's exact test.HFSR16(36.4)27(57.4)4.0530.044 a Rash4(9.1)5 (10.6)0.0611.000 b Hypertension5 (11.4)3(6.4)0.7030.402 b Alopecia6 (13.6)5 (10.6)0.1920.661 a Fatigue10(22.7)8 (17)0.4660.495 a Diarrhea4(9.1)6 (12.8)0.3140.741 b Liver damage00--Nausea4(9.1)3(6.4)0.2350.708 b Hoarseness1 (2.27)1(2.1)0.0021.000 b Leukopenia00--GI bleed01(2.1)0.9471.000 b Stomachache2(4.5)3(6.4)0.1481.000 b Anemia00--Thrombocytopenia00--

3. 讨论

通过本项随机对照研究,我们首次证实了:医用臭氧油在降低索拉非尼所导致HFSR发生率、减轻HFSR严重程度方面显著优于尿素软膏。HFSR是一种皮肤的毒性反应,是索拉非尼最常见和特征性的不良反应。尽管HSFR发生率高,但其发病机制尚不明确 [ 25 ] 。目前认为HFSR的发生与血管内皮细胞VEGFR的抑制相关,掌跖作为反复受力部位,容易产生微小血管损伤,而VEGFR的抑制导致血管修复障碍,微小的损伤即可诱发显著的炎症,即HFSR [ 26 ] 。临床实践中,尿素软膏是较常用的减轻HFSR的严重程度的主要药物 [ 27 ] 。Ren等 [ 28 ] 和安林静等 [ 27 ] 研究表明,使用10%尿素软膏护理干预可以显著降低索拉非尼所致的HFSR发生率,同时减轻HFSR发生程度、延长HFSR初次发生的时间、改善患者的生活质量,为10%尿素软膏应用于索拉非尼治疗的进展期HCC患者提供了可靠的依据。然而,尿素软膏存在局部刺激和过敏反应,不建议长期、大面积使用。

本项研究的结果显示医用臭氧油组0级HFSR的例数为28(63.6%),尿素软膏组的例数为20(42.6%),医用臭氧油组明显优于尿素软膏组;在减轻HFSR严重程度方面,臭氧油组的2/3级HFSR发生例数为7(15.9%),则明显低于尿素软膏组的13例(27.7%)。臭氧之所以具有明显的抗炎作用可能与其在治疗过程中生成活性氧(ROS)有关,ROS能够对抗包括抗生素耐药的各种病原微生物,而且还能够改善患者的代谢和免疫功能,刺激生成多种生长因子 [ 29 ] ,另外,医用臭氧油在接触皮肤过程中还生成大量O 2 ,高浓度氧气既促进损伤部位新陈代谢、改善微循环,又促进上皮生长,加速组织修复 [ 30 ] ,有效地预防、缓解VEGFR所致的微血管修复异常,从而明显降低HFSR发生率、减轻发生HFSR严重程度。

而且,在本项研究中,医用臭氧油组HFSR发生时间集中在使用索拉非尼6周内,尿素软膏组则在随访期内均有发生,医用臭氧油组发生HFSR的中位数时间短于对照组,我们考虑这与反复低浓度臭氧刺激,激活机体组织细胞抗氧化酶,增强机体抗自由基抗氧化活性 [ 31 ] 有关,预防了后期HFSR的发生。尽管本项研究中医用臭氧油组的HFSR实际发生率(36.4%)未达到研究设计时的预期发生率(28%),但其仍显著低于尿素软膏组(57.4%, P =0.044),说明医用臭氧油在降低HFSR发生率方面确实优于尿素软膏组。

此外,两组的护理干预对使用索拉非尼患者的其他不良反应如皮疹、高血压、脱发、疲乏、腹泻、恶心、声音嘶哑等影响无明显差异。以上结果皆证实,医用臭氧油是一种安全、有效的可降低索拉非尼相关HFSR发生率,且减轻HFSR严重程度的外用制剂。而且,医用臭氧还具有良好的止痛效果,可舒张血管,改善组织微循环,诱导抗氧化酶表达,清除伤口自由基,抑制无髓感受器的传导,同时通过刺激抑制性中间神经元和释放脑啡肽激活抗伤害系统达到减轻疼痛的作用,有明显的止痛效果 [ 7 ] ,我们将在未来的研究中,进一步评价臭氧油在缓解HFSR疼痛方面的作用。

由于分子靶向药物诱导产生HFSR的机制不明确,尽管医用臭氧油外涂可以明显降低HFSR总体的发生率,减轻HFSR发生程度,但对索拉非尼用药剂量调整、疾病控制等的影响还需要入组更多的病例、延长随访时间来进一步分析。

综上所述,在服用索拉非尼等分子靶向药物期间,使用医用臭氧油护理干预在减少HFSR发生率、减轻HFSR严重程度和减少治疗后期HFSR发生率方面具有明显的疗效。医用臭氧非抗生素但却有快速杀灭细菌、芽孢、病毒、真菌等病原体作用,为广谱有效的强杀菌剂 [ 30 ] ,不产生耐药性,为纯绿色制剂,性价比高,值得临床推广使用。

Biography

陈晓薇,主管护师,E-mail: moc.361@19708602681

Funding Statement

广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2017256)

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