竞争会不会消极地影响友情关系?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends usually negatively impacts friendship.
阅读内容之前
请先想想
你是怎么看这个题目的呢?
1. 立场: agree
基于这个肯定的立场,我提出了以下三个会影响友情的因素,并且就如何形成这三个论点的全部过程给大家进行了详细的拆解,具体内容如下:
论点1: The jealousy will burn on in secret, of which suspicion further deepens the influence.
论点2: Friendship is destroyed by long absence when friends deal with the different course of their affairs during competition.
论点3: Having given both to the power to do what they will under the competitive condition, one of the two friends who lets desire lead him will be feared or despised by the other.
2. 明确讨论基础【事实判断】
想要写清楚一个题目,明确题干当中的关键词非常重要,这个关键词会影响作文是否跑题,也会影响写作内容的具体延展,这两个点对于写作得分来说非常重要,所以大家一定要注意这个部分。
这个题目的关键词是“ competition ”,这个词的基本义是:
Competition: an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at sth.
但是光有基本的定义还不够,我们需要把这个词进行细分,常见的分类就是下面的两种:
良性竞争: 指明正大地凭实力去争取利益。
benign competition; healthy competition; virtuous competition;
恶性竞争 :指采用不正当的方法和手段进行竞争。
vicious competition;
3. 题干逻辑关联【竞争对友情关系的影响】
分类和定义明确以后,我们需要做的就是建立起竞争和友情之间的关系,这样我们才算真正论证了题目,从以上的分类里面, 我给出了三个点供大家参考:
1)良性竞争也不可避免地会产生嫉妒心理。在良性竞争中,虽然竞争的双方采取正当手段公平竞争,但竞争的目的是选出最好最合适的一方,参与竞争的双方会有好坏优劣之分。人类的天性是希望自己比别人更好,因此可能引发一方对比自己优秀的朋友的嫉妒而影响彼此的友情。
2) 竞争过程中,朋友之间会因疏于交流而产生隔阂。即便在各自凭借实力光明正大进行的竞争中,竞争的双方为了保留自己的核心竞争力和必杀技,会减少彼此之间的交流或是在交流时有所保留,长此以往便会产生隔阂和距离感。
3) 不正当竞争可以激发人性之恶。如果朋友间采用不正当的方法和手段进行恶性竞争,无论最后结果如何,竞争的双方都不会获益,获胜者的成功以双方的友谊为代价,而输掉竞争的一方则是满盘皆输。在竞争过程中暴露出的人性中恶的一面如“狡诈”、“无情”等会打破双方对彼此原有的好的认知,而这种认知正是友谊产生和维持的基础,在经历过这种恶性竞争后它将荡然无存。
4. 论点确定【disagree】
所以基于以上的分析,我们可以给出下面三个论点:
1)竞争会引起朋友之间的嫉妒心理,因此会破坏友情。
2)竞争会疏远朋友之间的距离,双方因缺少沟通而影响友情。
3)竞争会暴露人性之恶,放大人性的缺点,因此会拉远人与人之间的距离。
论点句转换【中文-英文】:
确定了论点之后,我们如何使用更好的表达方式把自己的论点展示出来,这个部分尤为重要。我从各种原版英文材料里面给大家收集了一些句子,这些句子不光语言是值得我们借鉴的,而且里面的观点也基本完全匹配我们的思考,所以如果大家自己平时没有地方积累相关的素材,可以仔细阅读并学习哦
1)竞争会引起朋友之间的嫉妒心里,所以会破坏友情。
英文原版素材:
This minute ambition is sometimes crossed before it is known, and sometimes defeated by wanton petulance (肆意的暴躁); but such attacks are seldom made without the loss of friendship; for whoever has once found the vulnerable part will always be feared, and the resentment (怨恨) will burn on in secret, of which shame hinders the discovery.
--- The Decay of Friendship by Samuel Johnson
选自Samuel Johnson《友情的消逝》,这部分讲的是:友情消逝部分是因为朋友之间的竞争。在朋友交往中,一方希望被认可或得到赞赏,如果另一方没有照顾到对方的情绪或者有意无意伤害了对方,就会产生怨恨,潜藏在内心。
这篇文章的内容和语境特别适合这个写作题目,我们可以将这个经典的句子,转述成下面的表达来完成自己的论点陈述:The jealousy will burn on in secret, of which suspicion further deepens the influence.
2)竞争会疏远朋友之间的距离,双方因缺少沟通而影响友情。
英文原版素材:
Those who would gladly pass their days together may be separated by the different course of their affairs; and friendship, like love, is destroyed by long absence, though it may be increased by short intermissions. --- The Decay of Friendship by Samuel Johnson
以上素材同样选自Samuel Johnson《友情的消逝》,讲述的是友情消逝的另外一个原因:长期的缺席。人和人之间的关系需要有效的沟通交流来维系,如果因为竞争导致双方不愿意沟通交流,而使得彼此之间不能心意相通,那友情也将消逝。
我们可以借鉴以上素材,形成自己的论点,也就是我们的第二个论点: Friendship is destroyed by long absence when friends deal with the different course of their affairs during competition.
3)竞争会暴露人性之恶,放大人性的缺点,所以会拉远人与人之间的距离。
英文原版素材:
Now that those who practice injustice do so involuntarily and because they have not the power to be unjust will best appear if we imagine something of this kind: having given both to the just and the unjust power to do what they will, let us watch and see whither desire will lead them; then we shall discover in the very act the just and unjust man to be proceeding along the same road, following their interest, which all natures deem to be their good, and are only diverted into the path of justice by the force of law.
The Republic ---- Plato
这一段素材来源于柏拉图的理想国The Republic,该段讲的是:那些做正义事情的人并不是出于心甘情愿,而仅仅是因为没有能力实施不正义的行为。正义的人在谋求私利时,也会如同不正义的人一般行事,这就是生物的本能。
上述观点可以服务于这个题目,在竞争中,尤其在恶性竞争中,如果一方因谋求私利而改变一贯做法,暴露出贪婪、自私、甚至是狠辣、残暴的本性,另一方必然会对其有所忌惮或是嗤之以鼻。他们友谊也将受到影响。
基于该段内容,第三个论点转述为:Having given both to the power to do what they will under the competitive condition, one of the two friends who lets desire lead him will be feared or despised by the other.