莱茵邦联的成立与法兰西第一共和国时期的“自然疆界”构建 其他题名 The Establishment of The Confederation of Rhine And The French Construction of Natural Frontier During The First Republic 学位类型 硕士 导师 王延庆 2020-06-28 学位授予单位 兰州大学 学位授予地点 兰州 学位名称 史学硕士 学位专业 中国史 关键词 自然疆界 中文摘要 将东部边界扩张至莱茵河沿线是历代法国政府不懈追求的政治目标。由此形成的自然疆界论思想是这一扩张诉求的合法性依据。大革命政府和其后的拿 破仑政府均坚定的继承了这一战略。有赖于拿破仑的辉煌功绩，所谓自然疆界的构建在共和国&mdash&mdash拿破仑帝国时期被推向顶峰。三度击败反法同盟后，法国不仅完全控制了莱茵河左岸地区，还主导了对左岸失去领土的德意志封君的补偿事宜，并借机进一步插手德意志事务，扩大了对右岸诸侯的影响力，继而组建了受其控制的政治实体莱茵邦联。 神圣罗马帝国的权威在法国构建自然疆界的扩张和主导莱茵邦联成立的过程中遭到彻底摧毁。失去保护的帝国中小诸侯之间广泛流传了组建第三德意志以替代旧秩序的呼声。这一思潮与拿破仑统治德意志的野心相结合，共同催生了莱茵邦联的出现。邦联的成立与旧帝国的解体并没有使普奥两强放弃追求德意志领导权的努力，它们都在积极寻求新的模式同莱茵邦联竞争。随着拿破仑征服事业的蒸蒸日上，不断扩大的邦联逐渐成为法国解决德意志地缘政治问题的工具。拿破仑企图通过强化邦联中央政府的权威来建立自己对德意志的合法统治，同时将普奥两强彻底排除在德意志事务之外。一心想要重建德意志共同体的邦联首脑达尔贝格同样做出了加强邦联凝聚力的尝试。综上，莱茵邦联的存在事实上宣示了一种构建德意志统一体的可能道路。 莱茵邦联的成立本身也为德意志的统一开辟了道路。众多帝国诸侯在协调左岸失地补偿问题和组建邦联的过程中遭到废黜，使德意志的政治版图大为简化，地区间的政治和经济联系也因此得到加强。邦联成员国在大革命思想洗礼下相继推行的改革运动也加速了德国的近代化进程，为统一扫清了陈旧的封建桎梏。邦联的成立和旧帝国的崩溃还激发了德意志人的民族主义情节，强化了他们的民族认同，为统一奠定了广泛的民意基础。以莱茵邦联为切口，结合法国在不同时期的德意志政策重新解读德国统一这一历史性问题，可以发现统一从来都不仅仅是德国的内政，法德关系始终是至关重要的外部因素。因此，欲构建长久稳定的德意志统一体，就必须妥善处理法德间的分歧。 英文摘要 ~Extending the eastern border toward the line of the Rhine was a political goal pursued by successive French governments. The resulting &quotnatural frontier theory&quotis the legal basis for this expansion appeal. Both the First Republic and the subsequent Napoleonic government firmly inherited this strategy. Thanks to the brilliant achievements of Napoleon, the construction of the natural frontier was pushed to the climax. After defeating the Anti-French Alliance three times, France not only completely controlled the left bank of the Rhine, but also dominated the compensation arrangements of German monarchs who lost territory on the left bank, and took this as an opportunity to further intervene in German affairs, which expand its influence on the right bank and launch the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine. The authority of the Holy Roman Empire was completely destroyed in this process. Among those micro and medium princes who has lost the protection of the Empire, the call for the formation of a &quotthird Germany&quotto replace the old order was widespread. Combined with Napoleon's Charlemagnic ambitions, it promote the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine. The Confederation&rsquos establishment and the collapse of the old Reich did not make Prussia and Austria give up the struggle for leadership in Germany. Indeed, they were actively in seeking new models to compete with the Confederation. As Napoleon's conquest enterprise flourished, the expanding Confederation gradually became a tool for solving geopolitical problems of Germany. Napoleon attempted to establish his legitimate rule over Germany and excluded Prussia and Austria from German affairs, by strengthening the authority of the Confederation government. The Confederation&rsquos head Karl von Dalberg, who was bent on rebuilding the German Community, also made an attempt to strengthen the cohesion of Confederation. It can be seen that the existence of the Confederation actually signified a possible way to German unification. The establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine opened the way to the unification of Germany. Many imperial princes were deposed in order to compensate for land loss on the left bank and prepare for the establishment of the Confederation. These actions greatly simplified the political landscape of Germany as well as strengthened the political and economic links between regions. Under the impact of French revolutionary ideas, Confederation member states carried out reform activities successively, which accelerated the modernization process in Germany and washed the old feudal obstacles to unification away. The establishment of the Confederation and the collapse of the old Reich also inspired the German nationalism, strengthened the national identity of German, and laid the foundation for unification on popular will. Taking the Confederation of the Rhein as a clue, and re-interpreting the historical issue of German unification in combination with French German policies in different periods, we will find that the issue of unification has never been just Germany's internal affairs. The relationship between France and Germany has great significance for the process of German unification. Therefore, to build a long-term and stable unified German, the divergence between France and Germany must be resolved properly. 页数 72 URL 查看原文 语种 中文 文献类型 学位论文 条目标识符 https://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/467424 Collection 历史文化学院
作者单位 历史文化学院
第一作者单位 历史文化学院 Recommended Citation:
GB/T 7714 耿开羽. 莱茵邦联的成立与法兰西第一共和国时期的“自然疆界”构建[D]. 兰州. 兰州大学,2020.