摘要： 【目的】 探究生境对银杏( Ginkgo biloba )叶中聚戊烯醇、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和类脂4类代谢产物积累的影响,探索影响代谢产物积累的主要立地因子,为银杏栽培提供理论依据。 【方法】 采用随机区组试验设计,方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析和逐步回归分析等方法,研究雌株和雄株银杏在7个生境下叶中聚戊烯醇、可溶性糖、蛋白质和类脂等变化规律。 【结果】 来自不同生境银杏叶中聚戊烯醇、可溶性糖、蛋白质和类脂的含量存在显著差异( P <0.05),来自石家庄地区叶中聚戊烯醇、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和类脂的含量最高;聚戊烯醇含量与类脂含量呈极显著正相关关系( P <0.01),但与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关关系( P <0.05);平均最暖月气温是影响银杏叶中聚戊烯醇、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和类脂积累的关键环境因子,此外日照时长和土壤中P、K含量对其的积累也具有较大的影响。 【结论】 环境因素会显著影响银杏叶中代谢产物的含量,温暖的生境有助于聚戊烯醇等类脂类物质的合成与积累。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different habitats on the accumulation of polypentenol, soluble sugar, soluble protein and lipids in ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba ) leaves, and to identify the main site factors affecting the accumulation of metabolites to provide a theoretical basis for ginkgo cultivation. 【Method】 Using a randomized block experiment design and variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis and regression analysis methods, the changes in polypenol, soluble sugar, protein and lipids in the leaves of two ginkgo(female and male) were studied across seven habitats. 【Result】 (1) There were significant differences in the contents of polyphenol, soluble sugar, protein and lipids of ginkgo leaves across the different habitats ( P <0.05). The contents of polyphenol, soluble sugar, soluble protein and lipids in samples from Shijiazhuang were the highest. (2) There was a significant positive correlation ( P <0.01) between the content of polyphenol enol and lipids, but a significant negative correlation ( P <0.05) between the content of polyphenol enol and protein. (3) The mean warmest month temperature was the main factor affecting the accumulation of polyphenol, soluble sugar, soluble protein and lipids in ginkgo leaves. In addition, sunlit time and the content of P and K in the soil also had a significant effect on their accumulation in ginkgo leaves. 【Conclusion】 Environmental factors can significantly affect the metabolite content of ginkgo leaves. A warm environment is conducive to the biosynthesis and accumulation of lipids such as polyamylenol.

Key words: ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba ), habitat, polypentenol, metabolite accumulation, site factor

WANG Mengke, GUO Ying, WANG Guibin, YUAN Ke, YANG Xiaoming, GUO Jing. Effects of habitat on the synthesis and accumulation of primary metabolites in Ginkgo biloba leaves[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(1): 121-128.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104037.

试验地概况"

试验地 test site	简称 code	位置 location	海拔/m altitude	年均 气温/℃ MAT	降水量/ mm MAP	日照 时长/h SD	最暖月 气温/℃ MWMT	最冷月 气温/℃ MCMT	温差/ ℃ TD	湿热 指数 AHM	叶片元素质量分数/% leaf element content
											C	N	P	K
洋县 Yangxian	YX	107.33°E,33.13°N	475	15.2	831	1 752.2	26.20	3.20	23.00	30.30	2.52	2.70	0.39	15.64
广昌 Guangchang	GC	116.46°E,26.38°N	240	18.9	1 690	1 932.0	28.20	8.40	19.80	17.10	1.72	0.75	0.41	18.33
曲靖 Qujing	QJ	103.58°E,25.52°N	2 160	14.2	1 017	1 998.1	19.50	7.30	12.20	23.80	1.39	1.17	0.37	22.23
石家庄 Shijiazhuang	SJZ	113.96°E,38.32°N	61	14.8	497	2 235.4	26.20	-2.60	28.80	42.50	1.21	0.50	0.41	12.66
唐山 Tangshan	TS	117.91°E,39.34°N	35	11.6	618	2 466.0	25.70	-4.70	30.40	34.90	1.70	1.18	0.43	14.12
开江 Kaijing	KJ	107.43°E,31.97°N	442	14.7	1 292	1 386.6	25.10	3.80	21.30	19.10	1.25	0.87	0.50	16.85
安陆 Anlu	AL	113.38°E,32.90°N	93	15.4	903	2 172.7	27.60	2.20	25.40	28.10	2.02	1.28	0.61	23.51

逐步回归分析统计方程"

指标 index	逐步回归模型 stepwise regression model	R 2	R a d j 2
雌株聚戊烯醇含量 female plant polypentenol content	Y 1 =18.312 C P +0.258 C K	0.978	0.938
雄株聚戊烯醇含量 fale plant polypentenol content	Y 2 =-0.161 T MWMT	0.963	0.914
雌株可溶性糖含量 female plant soluble sugar content	Y 3 =-0.540 T MWMT	0.995	0.989
雄株可溶性糖含量 male plant soluble sugar content	Y 4 =-0.558 T MWMT	0.988	0.986
雌株蛋白质含量 female plant protein content	Y 5 =-0.180 T MWMT	0.988	0.972
雄株蛋白质含量 male plant protein content	Y 6 =-0.135 T MWMT - 0.194 C C	0.999	0.998
雌株类脂含量 female plant lipid content	Y 7 =0.421 T MAT	0.947	0.879
雄株类脂含量 male plant lipid content	Y 8 =0.365 T MAT	0.993	0.984

银杏叶各初生代谢产物含量与主要环境因子的相关性分析 MAT.年均气温annual average temperature;MAP.降水量rainfall;SD.日照时长sunshine duration;MWMT.最暖月气温warmest month temperature;MCWT.最冷月气温coldest month temperature;TD.温差temperature difference;AHM.湿热指数damp heat index;C.碳含量carbon content;N.氮含量nitrogen content;P.磷含量phosphorus content;K.钾含量Potassium content."

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