图阿韦努阿族人对大地的依恋| The UNESCO Courier

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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg.webp?itok=-FEJrnzP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="317"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg.webp?itok=Bs9AWdmO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="688" height="358"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg.webp?itok=wJqEPZb0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="170"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg?itok=-FEJrnzP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="317"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg?itok=Bs9AWdmO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="688" height="358"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg?itok=wJqEPZb0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="170"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/article/courier/photos/cou_01_19_maori_web.jpg?itok=-FEJrnzP" width="610" height="317" alt=" "/> </picture></div> </article></div><div class="media-footer"><div class="media-legend">毛利人在丛林中雕刻的树干。</div></div></div><div class="content-infos-wrapper"><div class="content-date-wrapper"><div class="created-time"><span>25 January 2019</span></div></div></div><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>在图阿韦努阿族人的世界观当中， tătai whakapapa 这一概念至关重要。这些来自新西兰的毛利人认为，世间万物之间，无论是蝙蝠、蜥蜴、鸟类、昆虫、植物、山脉、河流还是湖泊，皆有亲缘联系。这种相互联系的关系有益于生态系统。但随着这些要素的逐渐消失，环境和部落的复原力和完整性也在消逝。</p><p>对图阿韦努阿族人来说，决定你是什么人，你从哪里来的是 whenua（土地）。这个词同时也有胎盘的意思。不论哪种意思，whenua 所指的都是起点，以及你与母亲——那个赋予你生命的人——的联系。</p><p>无论身在何处，图阿韦努阿族妇女在分娩后，都必须将胎盘带回家，埋在部落的土地里。</p><p>她们对 pito（脐带）也保持着同样的传统。将脐带埋在自己的土地里，意味着你与 Papat,rănuku（大地）之间缔结了永恒的联系，它将你与你的容身之地联系在了一起。</p><p>保持与土地和土地资源的联系，对图阿韦努阿族人而言至关重要，因为他们认为这种做法体现了他们的mana（权威或权力）。不论是身处艰难逆境，还是经历世事变迁，图阿韦努阿族的长者都认为必须维护个人、hap,r（小部落）和 iwi（部落）的权威或权力。</p><p>长者们认为，对于有些人来说，保持与土地、水道和动物的联系和纽带非常困难，但这些都被认为是图阿韦努阿族人生活的一部分。</p><p>长者们认为，对族人而言，mana 是最重要的原则之一。这项原则又因为 mauri（生命力或生命本质）这一概念而得到加强。当图阿韦努阿族人提到自己文化的纯粹性时，它反映的是环境的 mauri。对他们而言，森林的 mauri 是永远无法被夺走的。只要江河依然奔流，只要树木依然矗立，生命力就不会消逝，因为世间万物皆有 mauri。</p><p> </p><p>来源：<a href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002338/233811e.pdf">关于授粉的土著和当地知识</a>，联合国教科文组织，2015年</p><p> </p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="bg-bluelight boxed paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>Kirituia Tumarae-Teka, James (Tahae) Doherty and Phil Lyver</strong></p><p>Members of the Tuawhenua community in New Zealand, <strong>Kirituia Tumarae-Teka</strong> and <strong>James (Tahae) Doherty</strong> are indigenous knowledge-holders on pollination and pollinators associated with food production.</p><p>Researcher <strong>Phil Lyver</strong> (New Zealand) has combined ecological sciences and indigenous knowledge to interpret changes in demographic trends and the abundance of wildlife populations.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div 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