摘要： 解析不同品牌猪肉的遗传成分对商业品牌的保护，防伪溯源及中国地方猪种的改良和开发具有重要参考价值。从市场上选取4种不同来源的猪肌肉组织通过全基因组重测序，并结合已发表的59头猪的数据，对其祖先成分进行分析，推测它们祖先可能的来源及其各祖先成分的含量。利用线粒体基因组数据判断4头猪的母系来源，揭示可能的母系来源。59头参考个体包含12个品种，分别是杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪、二花脸猪、金华猪、姜曲海猪、梅山猪、巴马香猪、陆川猪、五指山猪和香猪。将12个品种划分为商品猪、中国东部猪和中国南方猪。研究中，利用ADMIXTURE和RFMix软件分别对4头测试个体进行祖先成分的评估。设定4头测试个体的祖先群体为3类时，发现其中一头含有54.8%的商品猪成分和45.2%的中国南方猪成分，另一头含有81.3%的商品猪成分，而剩下的两头含有的商品猪成分占到97.0%以上。设定祖先群体为12类时，发现其中一头含有64.8%的杜洛克猪成分和35.2%的陆川猪成分；另一头含有的祖先成分比较复杂，长白猪的含量为22.5%，大白猪的含量为27.6%，五指山猪的含量为8.6%，二花脸猪的含量为5.5%，梅山猪、姜曲海猪和巴马香猪的含量均在1.2%左右；而剩余两头猪的祖先成分主要是杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和皮特兰猪。另外，线粒体的祖源判断提示其中一头猪的母系来源可能是陆川猪或相近地方品种的母猪。通过常用的祖源分析方法对4头猪进行祖先血统成分的估计，发现4头猪的遗传成分各不相同，并能清晰地知道不同个体中祖先成分及占比。该研究结果证明通过祖源分析的方法可以估算每个测试个体的遗传成分来源。使用祖源成分作为遗传特征，可为品牌猪肉的鉴定和品牌保护提供重要的遗传学参考，也可以为中国地方猪品种的保护、开发提供指导和参考。

Abstract: It is great reference value to analyze traceability the genetic components of different brands of pork for the protection of commercial brands,traceability and the improvement and development of local pig breeds in China.Four kinds of pig muscle tissues from different sources were selected from the market and the whole genome was resequenced..Combined with the published data of 59 pigs,the ancestral components were analyzed to speculate the possible sources of their ancestors and the contents of their ancestral components.In addition,mitochondrial genomic data were used to determine the maternal origin of four pigs and reveal the possible maternal origin.The 59 reference individuals included 12 breeds,Duroc,Landrace,Largewhite,Pietrain,Erhualian,Jinhua,Jiangquhai,Meishan,Bamaxiang,Luchaun,Wuzhishan and Xiang pigs respectively.The 12 breeds were divided into commercial pig,Eastern pig and Southern pig.In the study,four individuals were evaluated for their ancestral components using the software of ADMIXTURE and RFMix.The results showed that one of the four tested individuals contained 54.8% of commercial pig ingredients and 45.2% of Southern China pig ingredients,the other contained 81.3% of commercial pig ingredients,while the remaining two contained more than 97.0% of commercial pig ingredients.When the ancestral group was set as 12 groups,it was found that one of them contained 64.8% Duroc and 35.2% Luchuan pig;the other contained more complex ancestral components,including 22.5% Landrace,27.6% Large White,8.6% Wuzhishan,5.5% Erhualian,Meishan,Jiangquhai and Bama Xiang;the remaining were about 1.2%.The ancestors of the remaining two pigs were mainly Duroc,Large White and Pietran.In addition,the progeny judgment of mitochondria suggested that the maternal origin of one pig might be from Luchuan or similar local breeds.Through the commonly used method of ancestral analysis,the ancestral components of four pigs were estimated,and find that the genetic components of four pigs were different,and the ancestral components and proportion of different individuals were found.The results showed that the genetic component sources of each test individual could be estimated by the method of ancestral analysis.Using ancestral components as genetic characteristics could provided important genetic reference for brand pork identification and brand protection,as well as guidance and reference for the protection and development of local pig breeds in China.

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