近来,网络上流行“学霸”这个新词。“霸”字,过去多指“依靠权势蛮横无理欺压百姓的人”。作为表示“人的类别”的基本词,“霸”字可以构成“恶霸”“路霸”“渔霸”“狱霸”“校霸”等词组。“恶霸”是“独霸一方,欺压百姓的坏人”,英语可以译为local tyrant, despot或bully。“路霸”是“非法在路上拦截过往车辆和行人强行收费的人”,英语可以译为road bully或road mugger。“渔霸”是“占有并出租渔船、渔网等捕鱼工具,或开办鱼行剥削和欺压渔民的恶霸”,英语可以译为fishing tyrant。“狱霸”是“在监狱中恃强凌弱、横行霸道的犯人”,英语可以译为prison bully。“校霸”是“在学校恃强凌弱、欺负同学的坏学生”,英语可以译为school bully上述词组无一例外都与“欺压人”有关,因此皆带有贬义,例如: 近来,“学霸”的词义发生了变化,泛指“学习刻苦、成绩突出的优秀学生”,英语有多种表达方法,像super student, best student, top student, brightest student, star student, straight-A student 等,例如: Argentinean footballer Lionel Messi became his country’s fifth top scorer at a World Cup, after scoring two of three goals to defeat Nigeria 3-2 at the 2014 Brazil World Cup. “学渣”是“学霸”的反义词,指“平时不努力学习,期末才开始突击、临时抱佛脚的学生”。英语很难找到合适的对应词。我们不妨暂且将“学渣”理解为“差学生”,试译为weak student, slow student,但是不要译为bad student 或poor student,因为前者(“坏学生”)带有歧视,而后者(可能理解为“穷学生”)带有歧义,例如: After three years’ hard work, the former slow student gained high marks in the National Matriculation Examination and was admitted to Peking University, turning himself into a star student.