摘要 : 目的 总结肝窦阻塞综合征(SOS)的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识。 方法 回顾性分析12 例SOS患儿的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现、治疗及预后等情况。 结果 12 例患儿中,8 例患儿原发病为白血病,4 例为造血干细胞移植患儿。临床表现主要有腹胀(4例)、肝肿大伴触痛(9例)、脾大(6例)、体重增加(10例)。12 例患儿均有不同程度的肝损害;凝血功能检测中活化部分凝血活酶时间延长7 例;7 例患儿行血D-二聚体检查,其中4 例升高。血常规检测中,4 例白细胞、粒细胞均降低;9 例有不同程度的血小板降低。8 例患儿行彩色多普勒超声检查,可见弥漫性肝肿大、实质非均质改变,肝静脉变细、显示不清或胸腹水、脾大。2 例行肝活检,示肝窦内细胞浸润或肝窦扩张。治疗以对症支持为主,均预后良好。 结论 白血病及干细胞移植患儿治疗后如果发生肝肿大、体重突然增加、肝功能异常、凝血功能异常等表现,需警惕SOS 的发生。 关键词 : 肝窦阻塞综合征 造血干细胞移植
Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
Abstract : Objective To summarize the clinical features of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and to improve the understanding of this disease. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 12 children with SOS including clinical manifestations, laboratory results, imaging findings, treatment, and prognosis. Results Of the 12 cases, 8 were secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 4 had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Manifestations mainly included abdominal distention (4 cases), hepatomegaly with tenderness (9 cases), splenomegaly (6 cases), and weight increase (10 cases). Biochemical tests revealed varying degrees of liver damage in all cases. In the coagulation function test, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged in 7 cases. Out of the 7 patients who underwent serum D-dimer test, 4 showed elevated serum level of D-dimer. In routine blood tests, 4 cases showed decreases in both white blood cells and neutrophils. In addition, varying degrees of thrombocytopenia were observed in 9 cases. Eight patients were subjected to color Doppler ultrasound examination, and diffuse hepatomegaly, inhomogeneous liver parenchyma, unclear or thinner hepatic veins, hydrothorax/ascites, or splenomegaly was observed. Sinusoidal dilatation or hepatic cell infiltration was observed in 2 patients who underwent liver biopsy. Treatments were basically symptomatic and supportive therapies, and the prognosis was good in all patients. Conclusions SOS should be considered in children who present with hepatomegaly, sudden weight gain, liver dysfunction and coagulation dysfunction after they have received chemotherapy for leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Key words : Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome Chemotherapy Leukemia Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Child

肝窦阻塞综合征(sinousoidal obstruction syndrome,SOS)是肝窦内皮细胞及中央静脉等肝内小静脉内皮细胞受损导致肝窦流出道受阻,从而引起的肝内窦性门脉高压症,是白血病和干细胞移植患者治疗后的一种并发症,临床上较少见。其发病机制尚不清楚,临床表现缺乏特异性,易造成误诊、误治 [ 1 ] 。本研究回顾性分析12例SOS患儿的临床资料,总结分析SOS的特点,并结合文献复习,以提高临床对该病的诊治水平。

1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象

收集2012年8月至2014年6月我院住院治疗的12例SOS患儿的临床资料。12例SOS患儿中,男7例,女5例;年龄3岁2个月至12岁,平均5.88岁。

1.2 诊断标准

SOS的诊断标准参照文献 [ 1 , 2 ] ,包括以下2~ 3项即可诊断:(1)高胆红素血症[血清总胆红素>34.2 μmol/L (2 mg/dL)];(2)肝肿大或右上腹痛;(3)由于体液潴留引起的体重增加(>2%基础体重)。并排除布加综合征、肝硬化、急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)、心源性肝损害、病毒性肝炎等其他引起黄疸和体重增加的疾病。

1.3 方法

回顾性分析12例患儿的起病情况、临床表现、实验室检查及影像学表现、治疗结果及预后情况等。

2.1 起病情况

8例患儿原发病为急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL),SOS最早发生在第4次大剂量甲氨蝶呤 (HDMTX)化疗时,最晚发生在第3年末维持治疗阶段,多发生于维持治疗方案化疗期间,均有使用6-巯嘌呤(6-TG)史;4例为异基因造血干细胞移植患儿,使用白消安/环磷酰胺(BU/CY)预处理方案,SOS出现在移植后4~10 d。

2.2 临床表现

腹胀4例,肝区疼痛2例,发热2例,体格检查发现腹水征2例,肝肿大伴触痛9例,脾大 6例,浮肿1例,体重增加10例。

2.3 实验室检查

12例患儿均有不同程度的肝损害( 表 1 ),转氨酶多数轻度升高,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶比值>1有4例;胆红素以轻、中度升高为主;总蛋白降低11例,白蛋白降低8例。凝血功能检测中活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)延长7例,凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)基本正常。有7例患儿行血D-二聚体(D-D)检查,其中4例升高。血常规检测中,4例白细胞、粒细胞均降低,9例有不同程度的血小板降低( 表 2 )。